Immunology of the Testis and Male Reproductive Tract

Hedger, Mark P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-046884-6.01112-x

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 600 publications

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“…Macrophages are key contributors to the immunosuppressive milieu through the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL10 and TGFβ [ 28 ]. Without this control, presentation of testis-specific antigens on the surface of testicular macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) can lead to the activation of T-lymphocyte responses inducing immune reactions [ 29 ].…”

Section: Role Of Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insight into Molecular and Hormonal Connection in Andrology

Francomano

Sanguigni

Capogrosso

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Hormones and cytokines are known to regulate cellular functions in the testes. These biomolecules induce a broad spectrum of effects on various level of spermatogenesis, and among them is the modulation of cell junction restructuring between Sertoli cells and germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium. Cytokines and androgens are closely related, and both correct testicular development and the maintenance of spermatogenesis depend on their function. Cytokines also play a crucial role in the immune testicular system, activating and directing leucocytes across the endothelial barrier to the inflammatory site, as well as in increasing their adhesion to the vascular wall. The purpose of this review is to revise the most recent findings on molecular mechanisms that play a key role in male sexual function, focusing on three specific molecular patterns, namely, cytokines, miRNAs, and endothelial progenitor cells. Numerous reports on the interactions between the immune and endocrine systems can be found in the literature. However, there is not yet a multi-approach review of the literature underlying the role between molecular patterns and testicular and sexual function.

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Section: Role Of Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insight into Molecular and Hormonal Connection in Andrology

Francomano

Sanguigni

Capogrosso

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…This protection also encompasses the ability to resist foreign tissue grafts that are introduced into the testicular environment, which is commonly referred to as 'immune privilege' [13,14]. However, this terminology refers mostly to tissues in which the immune response is inhibited or suppressed [15]. Privileged tissues include the brain, eyes, pregnant uterus, and testicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does Human Schistosomiasis Jeopardize the Testicular Immune Privilege?

Mireille

2023

AJBSR

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Human schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection that affects close to a quarter of a million people in 78 nations and the number of people at risk may be projected to 800 million. The disease is caused by Schistosoma parasites, which are blood flukes that infect humans through the skin when they come into contact with contaminated water. Schistosomiasis causes a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, and blood in the urine. One of the less well-known effects of schistosomiasis is its impact on male reproductive features, germ cells and immune components in the testis. Despite the testicular cells are well equipped with innate and effective local defenses mechanisms against invading parasites. Various pathogens such as Schistosoma parasites, succeeded in hijacking the immune-privileged state of the testis and to evade systemic immune surveillance. Some pathogens can even remain in the testes for long periods of time, disrupting thus local immune homeostasis and affecting testicular function and male fertility. This article presents an overview of the Schistosoma parasites strategies used to jeopardize the testis immune priviledge.

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“…Since testicular cell associations are specific and progressive from periphery to lumen of seminiferous tubules and the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium is continuous longitudinally along tubular axes, maintenance of cellular positions are essential for identification of different stages of spermatogenesis. Although rodents are excellent experimental models, rodent testes are more challenging to fix and maintain localization of germ cells as compared to many other mammalian testes that have internal testicular septa to provide stability for the seminiferous tubules (Hedger and Hales 2006). Therefore, for fixation of rodent testes, it is important to use a stronger fixative that maintains cellular location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fixation Temperature Affects DNA Integrity in the Testis as Measured by the TUNEL Assay

2012

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Mature rat testes and liver were fixed with Bouin's fluid (BF) or modified Davidson's fixative (mDF) at room temperature (23 C) or 4 C, and DNA integrity was examined by the TUNEL assay. When testes were fixed in BF, TUNEL-stained cells were more prevalent than when fixation occurred in mDF. Independent of fixative, TUNEL-staining was higher when testes were fixed at room temperature relative to 4 C. Significant effects were present for fixative and temperature of fixation, but not their interaction. Relative to BF, mDF also provided for lower TUNEL-staining in liver, but staining was not affected by fixation temperature. Since the TUNEL assay depends on the detection of fragmented DNA strands, harsh fixatives that induce breaks in the DNA can introduce substantial artifacts. Such potential artifacts are especially prevalent in a tissue such as testes with its ongoing division and differentiation activities. Therefore, the current findings lead the authors to conclude that fixation of mature testes in mDF at 4 C minimizes generation of false TUNEL-positive cells.

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Immunology of the Testis and Male Reproductive Tract

Cited by 4 publications

References 600 publications

New Insight into Molecular and Hormonal Connection in Andrology

New Insight into Molecular and Hormonal Connection in Andrology

How does Human Schistosomiasis Jeopardize the Testicular Immune Privilege?

Fixation Temperature Affects DNA Integrity in the Testis as Measured by the TUNEL Assay

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