Immunology of the Lymphatic System

Santambrogio, Laura

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3235-7

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 418 publications

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“…Approximately 90% of the 20-30 liters of the plasma that leaks into the interstitium returns to blood through the capillary venous end, and the remaining fluid is drained back along with other molecules from the extracellular space to the circulation by the lymphatic system in the form of lymph (2,3). Lymph also carries the invading pathogens and immune cells into lymph nodes where proper immune responses can be mounted (2,4). Thus, lymph serves in regulating and modulating immune response, thereby affecting some important immunological processes like immune tolerance in the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Lymphatic Fluid for In-Vitro Assessment in Pharmaceutical Development

Yousef¹,

Park²,

Le³

et al. 2022

Dissolution Technol.

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In addition to removing excess extracellular fluid and mobilizing immune cells throughout the body, lymphatic fluid provides a means for drug transport. Lymphatic drug delivery can impart higher efficacy and bioavailability, especially following oral administration. Currently, there is no standardized composition for simulated lymphatic fluid. Standardization of a simulated lymphatic fluid media would be an important and novel contribution to fill the current void in this emerging area of drug and formulation development. This study aims to review and analyze the composition and flow rate of prepared simulated lymphatic fluid with comparison to commercially available artificial fluid and biological fluid. The prepared simulated fluids were closer in makeup to biological fluid than the commercial artificial fluid, which suggests potential benefits for developing and optimizing lymphotropic formulations for in vitro studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Lymphatic Fluid for In-Vitro Assessment in Pharmaceutical Development

Yousef¹,

Park²,

Le³

et al. 2022

Dissolution Technol.

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Lymphatic System

Washington

Mahakapuge

Scheerlinck

et al. 2015

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The lymphatic system consists of a network of vessels lined with endothelial cells and interconnected lymph nodes, distributed throughout most of the body. It functions as a tissue drainage system, controlling the volume of blood and extracellular fluid and preventing tissue oedema. The lymphatic system collects tissue fluids and cells from most organs and tissues, transports it as lymph via a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic lymphatic pumps, ultimately returning these cells to blood. Dendritic cells patrol the tissues detecting danger signals and bringing foreign antigens back to the lymph nodes via afferent lymphatics where adaptive immune responses are induced. Thus, the lymphatic system integrates the immune system and widely dispersed organs and tissues, allowing for their protection from infections. It also plays a role in the turnover of macromolecules, which make up the extracellular matrix, fat absorption from the gut and immune function. Key Concepts The lymphatic system comprises a network of vessels lined by endothelial cells. Lymphatic vessels drain nearly all tissues and organs in the body and interconnect lymph nodes. Afferent lymphatics transport lymph from the tissues to lymph nodes, whereas efferent lymphatics transport lymph away from lymph nodes. Lymphatics are essential for returning proteins, fluids and cells to blood, absorbing fat from the gut and are involved in the homeostasis of interstitial macromolecules. The lymphatic system is a key regulator of extracellular fluid volume and is involved in preventing oedema. The lymphatics play a central role in integrating the immune system, carrying lymphocytes, professional antigen‐presenting cells and antigens from the tissues to the lymph nodes. Lymphatic endothelial cells function as professional antigen‐presenting cells, communicate directly with lymphocytes and antigen‐presenting cells to control cell traffic.

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Contribution of the plasma and lymph Degradome and Peptidome to the MHC Ligandome

Santambrogio

Rammensee

2018

Immunogenetics

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Every biological fluid: blood, interstitial fluid and lymph, urine, saliva, lacrimal fluid, nipple aspirate and spinal fluid contains a peptidome-degradome derived from the cellular secretome along with byproducts of the metabolic/catabolic activities of each parenchymal organ [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . Over the last decade qualitative and quantitative analysis of the biological fluid peptidome and degradome have provided a dynamic measurement of tissue homeostasis as well as the tissue response to pathological damage. Proteomic profiling has mapped several of the proteases and resulting degradation by-products derived from cell cycle progression, organ/tissue remodeling and cellular growth, physiological apoptosis, hemostasis and angiogenesis. Currently, a growing interest lies in the degradome observed during pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases and immune responses to pathogens as a way to exploit biological fluids as liquid biopsies for biomarker discovery 12,13,17,,19-48 . In this review we focus on the current knowledge of the degradome/peptidome observed in two main biological fluids (plasma and lymph) during physiological and pathological conditions and its importance for immune surveillance.

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Immunology of the Lymphatic System

Cited by 8 publications

References 418 publications

Simulated Lymphatic Fluid for In-Vitro Assessment in Pharmaceutical Development

Simulated Lymphatic Fluid for In-Vitro Assessment in Pharmaceutical Development

Lymphatic System

Contribution of the plasma and lymph Degradome and Peptidome to the MHC Ligandome

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