Immunologics and Chemotherapeutics for Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma remains a challenge for clinicians. Traditional chemotherapy is ineffective and immunotherapy with interleukin-2 is only occasionally beneficial. The development of numerous agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways that have been studied in phase III trials have resulted in significant improvement in survival for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Currently available U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved first line targeted agents include sunitinib, pazopanib, temsirolimus, and bevacizumab (with interferon), while axitinib, everolimus, and sorafenib are most extensively used following progression as second- or third line therapy. Attempts to augment the activity of these agents by combining them together or with chemotherapy or immunotherapy have not yet proven to improve outcomes. As a result, the sequential use of single agents remains the current standard of care.

Effect of actionable somatic mutations on racial/ethnic disparities in head and neck cancer prognosis

“…[41][42][43] HNSCC mutations identified in this study will guide the design for translational precision medicine research. However, future prospective studies with expanded mutation panel to include novel mutations from the TCGA study, detailed information of smoking/alcohol/HPV status, and large sample size of diverse HNSCC patients are warranted to validate our study findings.…”

“…Understanding the genetic determinants of HNSCC prognosis will pave the way for more effective targeted treatments that have already been demonstrated in other cancers. [41][42][43] HNSCC mutations identified in this study will guide the design for translational precision medicine research. 25,[44][45][46] Therefore, our current results will advance scientific knowledge regarding the genomic mechanisms of HNSCC prognosis disparities as well as personalized intervention and treatment targets.…”

Demethylation drug 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine-induced upregulation of miR-200c inhibits the migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of clear cell renal cell carcinoma in vitro

“…Furthermore, ccRCC accounts for ~3% of adult cancer cases, and its mortality rate is on the increase (2,3). Although treatment is typically administered in the form of surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the median survival rate of ccRCC remains poor (4,5). Therefore, the development of effective therapeutic targets for ccRCC is urgently required.…”

Expression Profiles and Methylation Genes in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma

“…Лечение метастатических форм рака почки осложнено низкой эффективностью стандартной химиотерапии и иммунотерапии интерлейкином (IL) 2. В этих случаях применяют целенаправленные таргетные препараты, пока-завшие свою эффективность по результатам кли-нических исследований [14]. В настоящее время применяют несколько препаратов, одобренных Управлением по контролю за качеством пищевых продуктов и лекарственных препаратов США (Food and Drug Administration -FDA) для лечения рака почки, в том числе бевацизумаб, пазопаниб, сунитиниб, сорафениб.…”