Immunological variants of amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Malashenkova, I K; Krynskiy, Sergey; Hailov, N A; Ogurtsov, Daniil; Chekulaeva, Ekaterina; Пономарева, Е. В.; Гаврилова, С. И.; Didkovsky, Nikolay

doi:10.17116/jnevro202012010160

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Pro-inflammatory IL-8, TNFα, IL-12 stimulate macrophage activation, production of chemokines and other inflammatory factors. According to our results, the pre-dementia AD stage and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) were coupled to increased levels of IL-1β, TNFα and IL-8, which correlated with a higher probability of progression to AD [8]. IL-12 is a potent stimulator of IFNγ production activating the Th1-arm of adaptive immunity; however, an impaired regulation of the immune response may be bound to dominance of its pro-inflammatory effect.…”

Section: Table 2 the Viral Load And The Levels Of The Main Cytokines In The Blood In Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease (Eoad) Late Onset Almentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The relationship between viral load with declined cognitive functions and immunological parameters was found in patients with early onset AD, but not in late onset AD, which might be due to the phenotypic patient heterogeneity [8]. According to the data obtained, the increased viral load in EOAD is associated with activated low-grade systemic inflammation and the Th2-arm of the immune response.…”

Section: Table 2 the Viral Load And The Levels Of The Main Cytokines In The Blood In Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease (Eoad) Late Onset Almentioning

confidence: 79%

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Herpesvirus Infections and Clinical-Immunologic Interactions in Patients With Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2021

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is currently the most common cause of dementia. A significant role in the pathogenesis of AD belongs to the activation of the mechanisms of neuroinflammation. There is a hypothesis that chronic infections may play a role in the maintenance of the inflammatory response in AD. The aim of this work was to study the detection rate and DNA level of herpesviruses, as well as their possible relationship with the level of the key cytokines and with clinical parameters of AD in patients with early and late onset. 30 patients with AD and 33 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The quantitative determination of DNA of CMV, EBV, HHV-6, HHV-7 was carried out by PCR. The level of cytokines and soluble IL-1β antagonist (IL-1ra) in the blood was determined by ELISA. Herpesvirus infection with increased viral load was determined if at least one of the criteria was present: 1) DNA level of EBV and/or HHV-6 > 10,000 copies/ml in saliva; 2) presence of DNA of at least one of the EBV, HHV-6, HHV-7 viruses in the blood. In the subgroup of patients with early onset and increased viral load, there was a higher increase in the levels of a number of cytokines: proinflammatory IL-8 and IL-12, a Th2-cytokine IL-4, a cytokine of the adaptive immune response IL-2. However, the level of the anti-inflammatory protein IL-1ra was lower than in the controls. These changes may indicate a dysregulation of the antiviral response, with a predominance of activation of systemic inflammation and Th2-mediated reactions. Also, in early onset AD the increased viral load was associated with lower scores on Boston naming test. The results indicate that in studies of AD mechanisms and in the search for prognostic markers of the disease, it is important to take into account the heterogeneity of AD in terms of genetic predisposition factors, risk factors, immune parameters and clinical data. Such approach is necessary for the subsequent development of personalized approaches to the prevention and treatment of AD.

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Section: Table 2 the Viral Load And The Levels Of The Main Cytokines In The Blood In Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease (Eoad) Late Onset Almentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Table 2 the Viral Load And The Levels Of The Main Cytokines In The Blood In Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease (Eoad) Late Onset Almentioning

confidence: 79%

Herpesvirus Infections and Clinical-Immunologic Interactions in Patients With Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2021

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“…According to I.K. Malashenkova et al, the following correlation between changes in the immune status and the development of cognitive impairment exists [29] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, there was an increase in the levels of the C-reactive protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-1β, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa). However, these markers are non-specific and a change in their concentrations may be typical for a number of disorders [29] ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modern Approaches to the Diagnosis of Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Literature Review

Ochneva¹,

Solovevа²,

Savenkova³

et al. 2023

Consortium Psychiatricum

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BACKGROUND: The aging of the worlds population leads to an increase in the prevalence of age-related diseases, including cognitive impairment. At the stage of dementia, therapeutic interventions become usually ineffective. Therefore, researchers and clinical practitioners today are looking for methods that allow for early diagnosis of cognitive impairment, including techniques that are based on the use of biological markers. AIM: The aim of this literature review is to delve into scientific papers that are centered on modern laboratory tests for Alzheimers disease, including tests for biological markers at the early stages of cognitive impairment. METHODS: The authors have carried out a descriptive review of scientific papers published from 2015 to 2023. Studies that are included in the PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases were analyzed. A descriptive analysis was used to summarized the gleaned information. RESULTS: Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of their use, are reviewed. The most promising neurotrophic, neuroinflammatory, and genetic markers, including polygenic risk models, are also discussed. CONCLUSION: The use of biomarkers in clinical practice will contribute to the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimers disease. Genetic screening tests can improve the detection threshold of preclinical abnormalities in the absence of obvious symptoms of cognitive decline. The active use of biomarkers in clinical practice, in combination with genetic screening for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in Alzheimers disease, can improve the timeliness and effectiveness of medical interventions.

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Levels of chemokines and other inflammatory mediators in patients with mild cognitive impairment undergoing rehabilitation

et al. 2023

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Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease in old age. In some cases, it is preceded by mild cognitive impairment (MCI). One of the important components in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration is chronic neuroinflammation (inflammatory activation of microglia and astrocytes in the brain). Systemic inflammatory response and immune dysregulation may contribute to neuroinflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of chemokines and other inflammatory mediators in patients with MCI who underwent medical rehabilitation, and to study its associations with the severity of cognitive impairment. The study group included 48 patients with MCI undergoing rehabilitation. Rehabilitation included cognitive therapy, psychotherapy and tasks for unaided performance. Repeated examination was conducted 6 months after the completion of rehabilitation. The control group included 46 healthy volunteers. Multiplex assay was used to determine serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations. Student's t-test was used to assess the significance of differences. Assessment of cognitive functions was performed using international neuropsychological scales. In patients with MCI, we have found an increase in the levels of several cytokines and chemokines (TNFα, CXCL10/IP10, MDC) that regulate systemic inflammation, cellular and humoral mechanisms of adaptive immunity. After the rehabilitation course their levels returned to normal. It was also found that decrease in CCL7 level in the patients before the rehabilitation course is associated with the severity of cognitive impairment. The findings contribute to understanding the role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of MCI, and indicate that their levels can be potential biomarkers of the severity of cognitive impairment. For translation of the findings into clinical practice, their validation in larger studies is needed, as well as assessing the associations between chemokine levels and the severity of cognitive impairment in MCI over long-term follow-up.

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Immunological variants of amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Herpesvirus Infections and Clinical-Immunologic Interactions in Patients With Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Herpesvirus Infections and Clinical-Immunologic Interactions in Patients With Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Modern Approaches to the Diagnosis of Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Literature Review

Levels of chemokines and other inflammatory mediators in patients with mild cognitive impairment undergoing rehabilitation

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