Immunological tolerance loss vs. erythrocyte self antigens and cytokine network disregulation in autoimmune hemolytic anaemia

Fagiolo, E

doi:10.1016/s1568-9972(03)00085-5

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Immunological unresponsiveness is attained via clonal deletion [39,40] and/or clonal anergy [40,41] of lymphocytes that may potentially react with self-components. Self tolerance can be broken in certain cases due to genetic and/or environmental factors such as infections [42,43] that may provoke autoimmunity by either exposure of cryptic self epitopes or neoantigens, polyclonal T- and/or B-cell activation, molecular mimicry between self and foreign antigens, errors in central and peripheral tolerance, or due to disorders of immune regulation [44]. The Playfair and Clarke model [20] of experimentally induced AIHA in mice employs one such mechanism, where the immunological unresponsiveness to self erythrocytes is broken by repeated exposure to rat erythrocyte antigens with similar/shared epitopes that activate the otherwise inactive autoreactive B- and T-lymphocytes [22–23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Stages of Erythroid Differentiation in Bone Marrow and Erythrocyte Subpopulations in Blood Circulation that Are Preferentially Lost in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Mouse

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Repeated weekly injections of rat erythrocytes produced autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in C57BL/6 mice after 5–6 weeks. Using the double in vivo biotinylation (DIB) technique, recently developed in our laboratory, turnover of erythrocyte cohorts of different age groups during AIHA was monitored. Results indicate a significant decline in the proportion of reticulocytes, young and intermediate age groups of erythrocytes, but a significant increase in the proportion of old erythrocytes in blood circulation. Binding of the autoantibody was relatively higher to the young erythrocytes and higher levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also seen in these cells. Erythropoietic activity in the bone marrows and the spleen of AIHA induced mice was examined by monitoring the relative proportion of erythroid cells at various stages of differentiation in these organs. Cells at different stages of differentiation were enumerated flow cytometrically by double staining with anti-Ter119 and anti-transferrin receptor (CD71) monoclonal antibodies. Erythroid cells in bone marrow declined significantly in AIHA induced mice, erythroblast C being most affected (50% decline). Erythroblast C also recorded high intracellular ROS level along with increased levels of membrane-bound autoantibody. No such decline was observed in spleen. A model of AIHA has been proposed indicating that binding of autoantibodies may not be a sufficient condition for destruction of erythroid cells in bone marrow and in blood circulation. Last stage of erythropoietic differentiation in bone marrow and early stages of erythrocytes in blood circulation are specifically susceptible to removal in AIHA.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Stages of Erythroid Differentiation in Bone Marrow and Erythrocyte Subpopulations in Blood Circulation that Are Preferentially Lost in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Mouse

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The expression of NKG2D, FasL, and membrane-bound TGF-β, a representative immunosuppressive cytokine, in these exosomes appears responsible for the immunosuppression (Bianco et al, 2007;Borges et al, 2013;Fagiolo, 2004;Yoshimura and Muto, 2011). TGF-β in tumorderived exosomes may also induce the development of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which can negatively regulate the overall immune response against tumor cells (Peterson, 2012;Saas and Perruche, 2012).…”

Section: Physiological (Immunological) Roles Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-Cell Communication Via Extracellular Membrane Vesicles and Its Role in the Immune Response

Hwang

2013

Molecules and Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The host immune response involves a variety of cell types, including specialized immune and non-immune cells. The delicate coordination among these cells via close communication is central for the proper operation of immune system. Cell-cell communication is mediated by a complex network that includes soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and metabolites exported from cells, as well as membrane-bound receptors and their ligands. Cell-cell communication is also mediated by membrane vesicles (e.g., exosomes, ectosomes), which are either shed by distant cells or exchanged by cells that are making direct contact. Intercellular communication via extracellular membrane vesicles has drawn much attention recently, as they have been shown to carry various biomolecules that modulate the activities of recipient cells. In this review, I will discuss current views on cell-cell communication via extra-cellular membrane vesicles, especially shedded membrane vesicles, and their effects on the control of the immune system.

show abstract

“…Therefore, the roles of Th cells (Th1, Th2, and Th17) in human AIHA reviewed by Fagiolo [55] could provide new opportunities to treat WAIHA with immunotherapy. With synthetic peptides that are recognized by Th cells, the effector Th response can be suppressed [56].…”

Section: Elucidation Of Mechanism Of Waiha Contributes To Developimentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy Treatments of Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Liu

2013

Clinical and Developmental Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA) is one of four clinical types of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), with the characteristics of autoantibodies maximally active at body temperature. It produces a variable anemia—sometimes mild and sometimes severe. With respect to the absence or presence of an underlying condition, WAIHA is either idiopathic (primary) or secondary, which determines the treatment strategies in practice. Conventional treatments include immune suppression with corticosteroids and, in some cases, splenectomy. In recent years, the number of clinical studies with monoclonal antibodies and immunosuppressants in the treatment of WAIHA increased as the knowledge of autoimmunity mechanisms extended. This thread of developing new tools of treating WAIHA is well exemplified with the success in using anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, Rituximab. Following this success, other treatment methods based on the immune mechanisms of WAIHA have emerged. We reviewed these newly developed immunotherapy treatments here in order to provide the clinicians with more options in selecting the best therapy for patients with WAIHA, hoping to stimulate researchers to find more novel immunotherapy strategies.

show abstract

Immunological tolerance loss vs. erythrocyte self antigens and cytokine network disregulation in autoimmune hemolytic anaemia

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

Identification of Stages of Erythroid Differentiation in Bone Marrow and Erythrocyte Subpopulations in Blood Circulation that Are Preferentially Lost in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Mouse

Identification of Stages of Erythroid Differentiation in Bone Marrow and Erythrocyte Subpopulations in Blood Circulation that Are Preferentially Lost in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Mouse

Cell-Cell Communication Via Extracellular Membrane Vesicles and Its Role in the Immune Response

Immunotherapy Treatments of Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About