Immunological Studies with Group B Arthropod-Borne Viruses

Cl, Wisseman; Bh, Sweet; Kitaoka, Masami; Tamiya, Takeo

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1962.11.550

Cited by 31 publications

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“…6 Original antigenic sin only applies to antibodies because the antigen-specific affinity of B cell receptors alters subsequent exposures to their cognate antigens while the specificity of T-cell clones never does. 7 This gives rise to a situation whereby the targeted and desirable response to new variants of the influenza virus types and subtypes is suppressed whereas a response to previously recognized heterovariants of influenza virus that share the same antigenic determinants with the new ones is preferred. 8 Similarly, vaccination with a nonavalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine resulted in significantly decreased levels of antibodies specific to five new genotypes in individuals previously immunized with the quadrivalent HPV vaccine compared with those receiving the nonavalent HPV vaccine first.…”

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confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the context of original antigenic sin

Petráš

Lesná

2021

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Immunological memory is the ability of the adaptive immune system to ensure a persistent protective effect after immunization. However, it can also be a limitation to building a sufficient level of protective antibodies specific to new mutations of the virus. It is imperative to bear this phenomenon (called "original antigenic sin") in mind and make every effort to overcome its inherent pitfalls when updating current and designing new vaccines.

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confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the context of original antigenic sin

Petráš

Lesná

2021

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Anamnestic antibody responses to YFV, JEV, or DENV vaccine have been observed in subjects with a heterologous flavivirus exposure prior to vaccination [33–36]. In addition, the CYD-TDV tetravalent dengue vaccine protected against dengue disease only those individuals who were DENV-primed prior to vaccination [16, 17].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In a randomized trial, the live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine TV003 is well-tolerated and highly immunogenic in subjects with flavivirus exposure prior to vaccination

et al. 2017

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Infection caused by the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1-4) is a leading cause of mosquito-borne disease. Clinically-severe dengue disease is more common when secondary dengue infection occurs following prior infection with a heterologous dengue serotype. Other flaviviruses such as yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Zika virus, can also elicit antibodies which are cross-reactive to DENV. As candidate dengue vaccines become available in endemic settings and for individuals who have received other flavivirus vaccines, it is important to examine vaccine safety and immunogenicity in these flavivirus-experienced populations. We performed a randomized, controlled trial of the National Institutes of Health live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate (TV003) in fifty-eight individuals with prior exposure to flavivirus infection or vaccine. As in prior studies of this vaccine in flavivirus-naive volunteers, flavivirus-experienced subjects received two doses of vaccine six months apart and were followed closely for clinical events, laboratory changes, viremia, and neutralizing antibody titers. TV003 was well tolerated with few adverse events other than rash, which was predominately mild. Following one dose, 87% of vaccinees had an antibody response to all four serotypes (tetravalent response), suggesting a robust immune response. In addition, 76% of vaccinees were viremic; mean peak titers ranged from 0.68–1.1 log10 PFU/mL and did not differ by serotype. The second dose of TV003 was not associated with viremia, rash, or a sustained boost in antibody titers indicating that a single dose of the vaccine is likely sufficient to prevent viral replication and thus protect against disease. In comparison to the viremia and neutralizing antibody response elicited by TV003 in flavivirus-naïve subjects from prior studies, we found that subjects who were flavivirus-exposed prior to vaccination exhibited slightly higher DENV-3 viremia, higher neutralizing antibody titers to DENV-2, -3, and -4, and a higher tetravalent response frequency after TV003 administration. In summary, we demonstrate that the NIH tetravalent dengue vaccine TV003 is well-tolerated in flavivirus-experienced individuals and elicits robust post-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01506570

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“…If exacerbated, the case fatality risk (CFR) given severe clinical disease is known to be 47% with the range from 40 to 80% [ 5 ], and there is no specific treatment. Thus, immunization is the mainstream of countermeasures [ 6 ], and residents of high-risk area and travelers visiting those areas are recommended to undertake vaccination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the elevated risk of yellow fever among travelers visiting Brazil, 2018

Sakamoto

Yamaguchi

Yamamoto

et al. 2018

Theor Biol Med Model

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BackgroundUnlike the epidemic of yellow fever from 2016 to 17 in Brazil mostly restricted to the States of Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo, the epidemic from 2017 to 18 mainly involved São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro and resulted in multiple international disseminations. To understand mechanisms behind this observation, the present study analyzed the distribution of imported cases from Brazil, 2018.MethodsA statistical model was employed to capture the risk of importing yellow fever by returning international travelers from Brazil. We estimated the relative risk of importation among travelers by the extent of wealth measured by GDP per capita and the relative risk obtained by random assignment of travelers’ destination within Brazil by the relative population size.ResultsUpper-half wealthier countries had 2.1 to 3.4 times greater risk of importation than remainders. Even among countries with lower half of GDP per capita, the risk of importation was 2.5 to 2.8 times greater than assuming that the risk of travelers’ infection within Brazil is determined by the regional population size.ConclusionsTravelers from wealthier countries were at elevated risk of yellow fever, allowing us to speculate that travelers’ local destination and behavior at high risk of infection are likely to act as a key determinant of the heterogeneous risk of importation. It is advised to inform travelers over the ongoing geographic foci of transmission, and if it appears unavoidable to visit tourist destination that has the history of producing imported cases, travelers must be strongly advised to receive vaccination in advance.

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Immunological Studies with Group B Arthropod-Borne Viruses

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the context of original antigenic sin

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the context of original antigenic sin

In a randomized trial, the live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine TV003 is well-tolerated and highly immunogenic in subjects with flavivirus exposure prior to vaccination

Modeling the elevated risk of yellow fever among travelers visiting Brazil, 2018

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