Immunological sterilization of male dogs by BCG

Abstract

The effect of a single intratesticular injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and various components has been investigated in dogs. FCA caused severe granulomatous reaction with wide-spread degeneration and vacuolation of the tubules. IFA and Arlacel A induced oligo - but not azoospermia, which was of short duration (6 weeks). Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) suspended in saline given with uniform distribution at doses of 10 units or higher was effective in inducing aspermatogenesis. The sperm count declined to near zero level within 3 to 6 weeks after injection of BCG, and sperm suppression was maintained for 6 to 11 months of the observation period. At moderate doses of 10 to 25 units partial to complete inhibition of spermatogenesis was seen in different tubules with leukocyte infiltration in the interstitium. The basement membrane of the tubules, the peritubular cells as well as the Leydig cells were intact. At high doses (75-110 units) and at sites where bacillary deposits were high even in moderate dose animals, there was massive leukocyte infiltration with nonspecific damage to the tubules. The animals, on low or high dose, retained libido and copulated with bitches in oestrus. The mating was, however, infertile. The treatment, especially with low and moderate doses, was largely free of significant side effects. At higher doses, scrotal pain and swelling lasting for 7-15 days was observed; a small decrease in the size of the testes was also noted.

Expression of scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor is regionally correlated with the initiation of sperm motility in murine male genital tract: Is scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor involved in initiation of sperm motility?

“…Small cubes of the relevant tissues, namely the testes, caput epididymis, distal corpus epididymis, cauda epididymis, and vas deferens, were cut and fixed in buffered formalin (10% in PBS). The fixed tissues were dehydrated by passage through graded dilutions of alcohol (Naz and Talwar, 1981;Naz and Bhargava, 1990). Paraffin blocks were made, 5-6 pm-thick sections were cut and fixed on slides, and deparaffinized sections were stained either with hematoxylin-eosin or by the indirect immunofluorescence technique (IFT) as described elsewhere (Naz et al, 1993).…”

Clinical Evaluation of Non-surgical Sterilization of Male Cats with Single Intra-testicular Injection of Calcium Chloride

“…Intra-testicular injection has been investigated as a method of inducing aspermatogenic orchitis and male contraception for more than five decades [1,5]. For example, injection of 10-25 units of freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) directly into testis of male dogs resulted in severe oligospermia or azoospermia without the development of circulating anti-sperm antibodies.…”

“…For example, injection of 10-25 units of freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) directly into testis of male dogs resulted in severe oligospermia or azoospermia without the development of circulating anti-sperm antibodies. Infertility occurred within 6 weeks and lasted for several months [5,6]. In addition, intra-testicular administration of a combined solution of methallibure, dexamethasone, metopiron, niridazole, α-chlorohydrin or danazole caused testicular and epididymal atrophy and azoospermia in dogs [7].…”

Chemical Control of Fertility in Male Dogs: A Review

“…It did not cause damage to the tubules and animals on maturation had normal testicular histology with active spermatogenesis and donated good quality semen when injected into juvenile animals. Administration of the incomplete Freund's adjuvant caused oligospermia but not azoospermia and the sperm count increased in the semen of these dogs after 6 weeks (Naz and Talwar, 1981).…”

“…A single intratesticular injection of 10 -110 units of BCG suspended in saline in each testis rendered the dog's azoospermic within 3-6 weeks. Azoospermia was maintained up to 50-325 days of the observation period (Naz and Talwar, 1981).…”