Immunological Roles of NLR in Allergic Diseases and Its Underlying Mechanisms

Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man; Hou, Tianheng; Chan, Ben Chung Lap; Wong, Chun Kwok

doi:10.3390/ijms22041507

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(202 reference statements)

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“…In addition, a rise in neutrophils is a result of cytokines in the pathophysiology of asthma. Additionally, patients with asthma exacerbations had greater blood NLR values than those with stable asthma [ 24 , 99 ].…”

Section: The Emerging Role Of Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe Acute Bronchial Asthma with Sepsis: Determining the Status of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of the Disease

Sinha

Kumar

Narwaria³

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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Bronchial asthma is a widely prevalent illness that substantially impacts an individual’s health standard worldwide and has a significant financial impact on society. Global guidelines for managing asthma do not recommend the routine use of antimicrobial agents because most episodes of the condition are linked to viral respiratory tract infections (RTI), and bacterial infection appears to have an insignificant impact. However, antibiotics are recommended when there is a high-grade fever, a consolidation on the chest radiograph, and purulent sputum that contains polymorphs rather than eosinophils. Managing acute bronchial asthma with sepsis, specifically the choice of whether or not to initiate antimicrobial treatment, remains difficult since there are currently no practical clinical or radiological markers that allow for a simple distinction between viral and bacterial infections. Researchers found that serum procalcitonin (PCT) values can efficiently and safely minimize antibiotic usage in individuals with severe acute asthma. Again, the clinical manifestations of acute asthma and bacterial RTI are similar, as are frequently used test values, like C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count, making it harder for doctors to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections in asthma patients. The role and scope of each biomarker have not been precisely defined yet, although they have all been established to aid healthcare professionals in their diagnostics and treatment strategies.

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Section: The Emerging Role Of Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a number of recent studies, the NLR has been proposed as a potential marker of bouts of inflammation in chronic diseases and various other illnesses. Furthermore, patients with asthma exacerbations had greater blood NLR values than those with stable asthma [ 24 , 99 ].…”

Section: Takeaway Messagementioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Acute Bronchial Asthma with Sepsis: Determining the Status of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of the Disease

Sinha

Kumar

Narwaria³

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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“…Atopic dermatitis is the most common inflammatory skin disease [ 56 ] and is characterized by impaired skin barrier function, reduced expression of antimicrobial peptides and Th 2 -driven inflammation. Atopic dermatitis is also accompanied by a defect in innate immune receptor functions and colonization by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) [ 4 , 57 ]. It is thought, that the “leaky” epithelial barrier promotes allergen sensitization and susceptibility to microbial colonization [ 58 ].…”

Section: The Nlrc Subfamilymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although genetic predispositions of NLRP3 have not been discovered for atopic dermatitis [ 57 ], experimental data suggests that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome might play a role in the disease. Expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 was significantly impaired in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis patients compared to healthy controls [ 88 ].…”

Section: The Nlrp Subfamilymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nod-Like Receptors in Host Defence and Disease at the Epidermal Barrier

Danis

Mellett

2021

IJMS

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The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing family (NLRs) (sometimes called the NOD-like receptors, though the family contains few bona fide receptors) are a superfamily of multidomain-containing proteins that detect cellular stress and microbial infection. They constitute a critical arm of the innate immune response, though their functions are not restricted to pathogen recognition and members engage in controlling inflammasome activation, antigen-presentation, transcriptional regulation, cell death and also embryogenesis. NLRs are found from basal metazoans to plants, to zebrafish, mice and humans though functions of individual members can vary from species to species. NLRs also display highly wide-ranging tissue expression. Here, we discuss the importance of NLRs to the immune response at the epidermal barrier and summarise the known role of individual family members in the pathogenesis of skin disease.

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“…Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) are well-documented sensors for microbial motifs and endogenous damage signals and play a vital role in immunomodulation in allergic diseases. 5 Interestingly, the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is one of the classical NLR sensors responsible for the formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. 6 Increasing data have proved that NLRP3 inflammasome drives AR progression via triggering epithelial pyroptosis while the selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor ameliorates ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR via blocking pyroptotic and inflammatory pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Kruppel-Like Factor 4 in Pyroptosis of Nasal Mucosal Epithelial Cells in Mice With Allergic Rhinitis

Yao

Kong

Wang

et al. 2023

Am J Rhinol�Allergy

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Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic nasal inflammation, characterized by nasal epithelial dysfunction. Gene therapy targeting transcription factors is a promising strategy for quenching allergic inflammation, including AR. Objective This study sought to probe the mechanism of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in pyroptosis of nasal mucosal epithelial cells (NEpCs) in AR mice and provide targets for AR treatment. Methods AR mouse models were established using sensitization with ovalbumin, followed by injection with short hairpin RNA KLF4 (sh-KLF4). AR symptoms were assessed by the times of sneezing and nose rubbing, hematoxylin-eosin, and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Levels of KLF4, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), cleaved caspase-1, and N-terminal domain (GSDMD-N) in nasal mucosal tissues were determined by Western blot assay, and levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in nasal lavage fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The binding of KLF4 to the NLRP3 promoter was verified using chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assays. The functional rescue experiment was performed with oe-NLRP3 and sh-KLF4 in AR mice. Results KLF4 was upregulated in nasal mucosal tissues of AR mice. KLF4 inhibition reduced the times of sneezing and nose rubbing, inflammatory cell infiltration, and goblet cell hyperplasia in nasal mucosal tissues, and levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD-N, IL-1β, and IL-18. KLF4 was enriched on the NLRP3 promoter and improved NLRP3 expression. NLRP3 overexpression reversed the inhibition of sh-KLF4 on pyroptosis of NEpCs in AR mice. Conclusion KLF4 bound to the NLRP3 promoter and promoted pyroptosis of NEpCs in AR mice via activating NLRP3.

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Immunological Roles of NLR in Allergic Diseases and Its Underlying Mechanisms

Cited by 13 publications

References 135 publications

Severe Acute Bronchial Asthma with Sepsis: Determining the Status of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of the Disease

Severe Acute Bronchial Asthma with Sepsis: Determining the Status of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of the Disease

Nod-Like Receptors in Host Defence and Disease at the Epidermal Barrier

Mechanism of Kruppel-Like Factor 4 in Pyroptosis of Nasal Mucosal Epithelial Cells in Mice With Allergic Rhinitis

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