Immunological responses to parasitic arthropods

Baron, Régis; Weintraub, J.

doi:10.1016/0169-4758(87)90163-3

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Indeed, several different types of salivary anticlotting, antiplatelet, vasodilatory, and immunosuppressive activities have been described in the past 15 years, many of which have been characterized molecularly (1,2). This more recent literature contrasts with previous literature, emphasizing the role of saliva in inducing host allergic response (3)(4)(5).…”

contrasting

confidence: 50%

Delayed-type hypersensitivity toPhlebotomus papatasisand fly bite: An adaptive response induced by the fly?

Belkaid

Valenzuela

Kamhawi

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The saliva of bloodsucking arthropods contains a large array of pharmacologically active compounds that assist hematophagy. Arthropod saliva is also responsible for causing uncomfortable allergic responses in its vertebrate hosts. In this article, we investigate whether the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi, known to produce a strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in humans, could benefit from, and possibly adaptively induce, this response in their vertebrate hosts. In this study, we show that flies fed on humans to completion nearly twice as fast in DTH sites as compared with normal skin sites. DTH sites had significantly larger blood flow as measured by the laser Doppler method. Sand flies feeding at sites in mouse ears that had a DTH response also fed faster than at normal sites. We conclude that in the case of P. papatasi, and possibly other arthropods such as fleas and bed bugs, the strong saliva-induced DTH response may reflect an adaptation of the fly to manipulate host immunity for the insect's own advantage.

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contrasting

confidence: 50%

Delayed-type hypersensitivity toPhlebotomus papatasisand fly bite: An adaptive response induced by the fly?

Belkaid

Valenzuela

Kamhawi

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Genetic resistance to parasites has been documented in a number of species of both ecto-and endoparasites (e.g., Wakelin and Blackwell, 1988). The mechanism of such resistance ranges from morphological differences (e.g., in the epidermis of individual hosts) and hypersensitivity reactions to immunological responses (Wakelin, 1978;Wikel, 1982;Baron and Weintraub, 1987). What particular mechanism generates the differential distribution of mites on Bam Swallow nestlings remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECTS OF A HAEMATOPHAGOUS MITE ON THE BARN SWALLOW (HIRUNDO RUSTICA): A TEST OF THE HAMILTON AND ZUK HYPOTHESIS

Møller

1990

Evolution

122

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Abstract.-I tested three assumptions of the Hamilton and Zuk hypothesis (1982), which suggests that the extravagant male plumage of many bird species allows females to choose mates that are resistant to the parasites exploiting the host population at a given time. By choosing such males as mates, females will rear offspring carrying the genes for resistance. I tested three necessary conditions for the Hamilton and Zuk model: (1) whether parasites affect the fitness of their hosts; (2) whether there is heritable variation in parasite resistance, and (3) whether the expression of the sexual ornament varies with parasite burden. The haematophagous mite Ornithonyssus bursa (Macronyssidae, Gamasida) sucks blood from their Bam Swallow (Hirundo rustica) hosts. Experimental manipulation of mite loads and partial cross-fostering experiments on Bam Swallows, where half of the nestlings in the brood were exchanged with nestlings from another nest, shows that parasite burdens and origin, but not rearing conditions, of Bam Swallow nestlings, affected their adult tarsus length and maximum body weight shortly before fledging. Mite loads of adult Bam Swallows at spring arrival were more similar to mite loads of their own offspring, whether reared in their own or in foster nests inoculated with mites, than to loads offoster offspring. Parent Bam Swallows with long tail ornaments had offspring with smaller mite loads in the partial crossfostering experiments. The amount of increase in male tail ornaments from one year to another was negatively related to experimentally manipulated mite loads of Bam Swallow nests during the preceding breeding season. In conclusion, the three assumptions ofthe hypothesis were supported by the experimental tests.

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“…Local therapy with potent, class 1, topical steroids might also be helpful. Effective flea elimination requires removal of all adult fleas as well as immature fleas [23,78,79]. …”

Section: Fleasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Papular urticaria and things that bite in the night

Demain

2003

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Whether we are hiking in the back country or playing in our backyard, we run the risk of exposure to offending arthropods. Papular urticaria is a very common hypersensitivity reaction to the bites, stings, and contact with critters such as mites, ticks, spiders, fleas, mosquitoes, midges, flies, and even caterpillars. Children seem to be at greatest risk, although adults are also vulnerable. The classic presentation of papular urticaria includes recurrent pruritic papules or vesicles and varying degrees of local edema. Severity is often related to the host response to the salivary or contactant proteins. Our understanding of the immune mechanism continues to improve; however, our approach to therapy has remained essentially unchanged. Although this review admittedly reaches beyond papular urticaria, it is with the intention of improving the reader's recognition of the offending arthropods, the characteristics of reactions, and the current therapeutic approaches.

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Immunological responses to parasitic arthropods

Cited by 31 publications

References 40 publications

Delayed-type hypersensitivity toPhlebotomus papatasisand fly bite: An adaptive response induced by the fly?

Delayed-type hypersensitivity toPhlebotomus papatasisand fly bite: An adaptive response induced by the fly?

EFFECTS OF A HAEMATOPHAGOUS MITE ON THE BARN SWALLOW (HIRUNDO RUSTICA): A TEST OF THE HAMILTON AND ZUK HYPOTHESIS

Papular urticaria and things that bite in the night

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