Immunological responses of rabbits to various somatic and secreted antigens of Vibrio cholerae after intra-duodenal inoculation

Kabir, Shahjahan

doi:10.1099/00222615-24-1-29

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Ethical considerations can limit the detailed investigation of the immune response occurring in the gut of cholera patients. However, a thorough study of immune responses is possible in experimental animals such as rabbits [31,32]. A single-dose intraduodenal inoculation of live V. cholerae O1 produced antibodies to both somatic (LPS and cellsurface proteins) and secreted (cholera toxin and neuraminidase) antigens in various body fluids (sera and bile) and intestinal extracts of rabbits, the latter containing predominantly IgA together with considerable amount of IgG [31].…”

Section: Immune Response After V Cholerae O1 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholera vaccines: the current status and problems

Kabir

2005

Reviews in Medical Microbiology

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Section: Immune Response After V Cholerae O1 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholera vaccines: the current status and problems

Kabir

2005

Reviews in Medical Microbiology

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“…Thus previous exposure to V. cholerae O1 does not confer immunity against V. cholerae O139 (5, 9, 10). Antibodies against various cholera antigens such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins, cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) have been detected in sera from individuals immunized with V. cholerae O1 or from convalescent patients (11)(12)(13)(14)(15).A thorough study of immune responses against various somatic antigens is possible in experimental animals such as rabbits (16,17). Although cholera is a toxin-mediated disease, the predominant protective immune mechanism appears to be antibacterial rather than antitoxic (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A thorough study of immune responses against various somatic antigens is possible in experimental animals such as rabbits (16,17). Although cholera is a toxin-mediated disease, the predominant protective immune mechanism appears to be antibacterial rather than antitoxic (18).…”

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Bactericidal activity of the sera of rabbits immunized with Vibrio cholerae O1 whole cell extract

Rahman

Ahsan

2013

S.J. Microbiol.

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24Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 causes diarrhea in many developing countries around the world. In most cases, cholera patients pose some sorts of immunity against the naturally occurring infection. In the present study, the bactericidal activity of the sera of rabbit immunized with whole cell extract of Vibrio cholerae O1 was investigated. The protein profile of the serotype exhibited 20 types of proteins of distinguished molecular weights. The western blot analysis revealed at least 10 proteins to be immunogenic. Interestingly, decomplementation of the sera was found to abolish the bactericidal activity. The bactericidal activity of non immunized rabbit sera was also investigated and the results revealed that the immunized sera were more effective than that of non immunized one.Bactericidal activity of the sera of rabbits immunized with Vibrio cholerae O1 whole cell extract assay Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by the infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Serological classification of V. cholerae was first described by Gardner & Venkatraman in 1935 (1), on the basis of differences in the sugar composition of the heat-stable surface somatic "O" antigen. Currently the organism is classified into 206 "O" serogroups (2, 3).Cholera is usually characterized as a life-threatening secretory diarrhea induced by cholera enterotoxin (CT), secreted by virulent type of V. cholerae. Subsequent purification and structural analysis of the toxin showed the toxin consist of an A subunit and 5 smaller identical B subunits (4). The A subunit possesses a specific enzymatic function and acts intracellularly, raising the cellular level of cAMP and thereby changing the net absorptive tendency of the small intestine to one of net secretion. The B subunit helps the toxin to bind the eukaryotic cell receptor, ganglioside GM1. The binding of CT to epithelial cells is enhanced by neuraminidase. Apart from the obvious significance of CT in cholera pathogenesis, it is now clear that the production of CT by V. cholerae is important from the perspective of a serogroup having the potential to cause epidemics (5). This has become particularly evident since the emergence of V. cholerae O139. A dynamic 4.5 kb core region, termed the virulence cassette (6), has been identified in toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139 but is not found in non-toxigenic strains.Although both V. cholerae O1 and O139 elaborate a Received 12 February 2012/Accepted 21 April 2012 similar cholera toxin (7), they differ in the composition of their surface components as V. cholerae O139 produces a polysaccharide capsule (8). Thus previous exposure to V. cholerae O1 does not confer immunity against V. cholerae O139 (5, 9, 10). Antibodies against various cholera antigens such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins, cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) have been detected in sera from individuals immunized with V. cholerae O1 or from convalescent patients (11)(12)(13)(14)(15).A thorough study of immune responses against v...

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“…Ethical considerations can limit a detailed investigation of the immune responses that occur in the guts of cholera patients. However, a thorough study of immune responses is possible in experimental animals such as rabbits (17,18). A single-dose intraduodenal inoculation of live V. cholerae O1 into rabbits produced antibodies to both somatic (LPS and cell surface proteins) and secreted (CT and neuraminidase) antigens in various body fluids (serum and bile) and intestinal extracts from rabbits, the latter containing predominantly IgA together with a considerable amount of IgG (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a thorough study of immune responses is possible in experimental animals such as rabbits (17,18). A single-dose intraduodenal inoculation of live V. cholerae O1 into rabbits produced antibodies to both somatic (LPS and cell surface proteins) and secreted (CT and neuraminidase) antigens in various body fluids (serum and bile) and intestinal extracts from rabbits, the latter containing predominantly IgA together with a considerable amount of IgG (18). A study in the United States with volunteers who were orally immunized and subsequently challenged with live V. cholerae O1 demonstrated that cholera infection can induce a high degree of protection for up to 3 years against a challenge with either the Ogawa or the Inaba serotype of the same biotype (19).…”

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Critical Analysis of Compositions and Protective Efficacies of Oral Killed Cholera Vaccines

Kabir

2014

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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Two cholera vaccines, sold as Shanchol and Dukoral, are currently available. This review presents a critical analysis of the protective efficacies of these vaccines. Children under 5 years of age are very vulnerable to cholera and account for the highest incidence of cholera cases and more than half of the resulting deaths. Both Shanchol and Dukoral are two-spaced-dose oral vaccines comprising large numbers of killed cholera bacteria. The former contains Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 cells, and the latter contains V. cholerae O1 cells with the recombinant B subunit of cholera toxin. In a field trial in Kolkata (India), Shanchol, the preferred vaccine, protected 45% of the test subjects in all of the age groups and only 17% of the children under 5 years of age during the first year of surveillance. In a field trial in Peru, two spaced doses of Dukoral offered negative protection in children under 5 years of age and little protection (15%) in vaccinees over 6 years of age during the first year of surveillance. Little is known about Dukoral's long-term protective efficacy. Both of these vaccines have questionable compositions, using V. cholerae O1 strains isolated in 1947 that have been inactivated by heat and formalin treatments that may denature protein. Immunological studies revealed Dukoral's reduced and short-lived efficacy, as measured by several immunological endpoints. Various factors, such as the necessity for multiple doses, poor protection of children under 5 years of age, the requirement of a cold supply chain, production costs, and complex logistics of vaccine delivery, greatly reduce the suitability of either of these vaccines for endemic or epidemic cholera control in resource-poor settings.

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Immunological responses of rabbits to various somatic and secreted antigens of Vibrio cholerae after intra-duodenal inoculation

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Cholera vaccines: the current status and problems

Cholera vaccines: the current status and problems

Bactericidal activity of the sera of rabbits immunized with Vibrio cholerae O1 whole cell extract

Critical Analysis of Compositions and Protective Efficacies of Oral Killed Cholera Vaccines

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