Immunological response of fallopian tube epithelial cells to spermatozoa through modulating cytokines and chemokines

Sperm–oviduct interaction: Differential gene expression of growth factors induced by sperm DNA fragmentation

“…Formerly, we found that co-incubation of the immortalized cell line with human spermatozoa showed altered expression of several essential genes belonging to the TGFβ family (Mousavi et al, 2021).…”

“…Using PCR array, we sought to identify the gene expression differences in oviduct epithelial cells co‐cultured with two separate groups of sperm cells, divided based on the percentage of their DFI. Formerly, we found that co‐incubation of the immortalized cell line with human spermatozoa showed altered expression of several essential genes belonging to the TGF ‐ β family (Mousavi et al, 2021).…”

“…Cell culture media was prepared with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with L‐glutamine, penicillin and streptomycin (all were used at 1%) and also foetal bovine serum (10%), as described previously (Mousavi et al, 2021). All incubations were in a humidified incubator in the air with CO 2 5% at 37°C.…”

“…The selection of these genes followed from our findings in a previous study that looked at a wider array of genes. Our previous study demonstrated significant alternations in genes expression of cytokines, chemokine and growth factors that are secreted from human fallopian tube epithelial cells co‐cultured with normal sperm cells (Mousavi et al, 2021).…”

TLR-1, TLR-2, and TLR-6 MYD88–dependent signaling pathway: A potential factor in the interaction of high-DNA fragmentation human sperm with fallopian tube epithelial cells

“…In a previous study, we cultured semen samples of 10 healthy men with the OE-E6/E7 cell line and examined the expression of 84 cytokines in the cell line using quantitative PCR. That study showed that sperm exhibited changing expression levels of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors [ 33 ]. Furthermore, in another study, we cultured the sperm samples of 10 men with unexplained infertility and high-DFI compared to semen samples of 10 healthy donor men with OE-E6/E7 cell lines, and quantitative PCR analysis showed that DNA damage-induced activation of the TLR signaling pathway in human FT led to the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines [ 11 ].…”