Immunological memory in humans

Crotty, Shane; Ahmed, Rafi

doi:10.1016/j.smim.2004.02.008

Cited by 202 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…A key step in increasing circulating protective antibodies is the proliferation and differentiation of efficient antigen-specific B cells. Naïve B cells differentiate into plasma B cells and memory B cells that provide the host immune system with short-term and long-term influenza virus-specific humoral protection (3,4,13,16,25). While the ASC/plasmablast population peaks near Days 5-10 post-vaccination, memory B cells peak near Day 28 and function to reinitiate the influenza strain-specific humoral immune response after a subsequent infection (4,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Influenza A/H1N1-Specific Human IgG-Secreting B Cells in Older Adults by ELISPOT Assay

et al. 2014

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B cells play an important role in humoral immunity and antibody production. Use of a B cell ELISPOT assay to quantify antigen-specific B cells can assist other assays to achieve a more complete profile of the humoral immune response after vaccination. We utilized a B cell ELISPOT assay to measure the number of influenza A/H1N1-specific B cells at key timepoints after seasonal influenza vaccination in 106 older adults (50-74 years of age). Blood was drawn from these subjects on Day 0, Day 3, Day 28, and Day 75 after vaccination to represent baseline, early, peak, and late response, respectively, of influenza A/H1N1-specific B cells. A significant increase in A/H1N1-specific B cells (median 36 spot-forming units/SFUs per 200,000 cells, p < 0.0001) was seen on Day 28 compared to baseline and Day 3, and this number decreased (23 SFUs, p < 0.0001) by Day 75, but not to baseline level. These data suggest that the B cell ELISPOT can be used to profile and monitor the humoral immune responses in older subjects after influenza vaccination, and serve as an immune signature marker.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Influenza A/H1N1-Specific Human IgG-Secreting B Cells in Older Adults by ELISPOT Assay

et al. 2014

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“…In general, the magnitude of T cell responses and thus immunity are the sum effect of activation/expansion, death and stability, or memory. 32 Thus, the lower level of HCV-specific responsiveness in AAs could reflect differential antigen processing and presentation, defects in the priming or expansion of naive HCV-specific helper T cells, selective deletion of memory cells, preferential sequestration in the hepatic compartment, or more robust counterregulatory mechanisms. 33 The immunogenetic background of HCV-infected individuals might in part account for the observed variation in viral-specific immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective decrease in hepatitis C virus-specific immunity among African Americans and outcome of antiviral therapy

Rosen

Weston

et al. 2007

Hepatology

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma throughout the world. Considerable evidence indicates that the risk of viral persistence, natural history, and response to antiviral therapy varies among racial groups, but limited data exist on potential mechanisms to account for these differences. Type 1 helper (Th1) responses to HCV proteins and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens were examined using a sensitive interferon (IFN)-␥ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay in 187 Caucasian American (CA) and 187 African American (AA) patients with chronic genotype 1 infection. ELISPOT responses were examined relative to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles and outcome of therapy with pegylated IFN and ribavirin. Th1 responses specific to hepatitis C core protein and combined HCV antigens were significantly lower in AAs compared to CAs, but CMV responses were comparable in the 2 races. The HCV difference in immunity remained after adjusting for gender, serum alanine aminotransferase, histologic severity, and viral level, and was not accounted for by the differential prevalence of human leukocyte antigen class II alleles. Pretreatment total HCV-specific CD4؉ T cell response was associated with sustained virologic response (SVR) to pegylated IFN and ribavirin; 43% of patients who had more than 168 ELISPOTs/10 6 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (above background) experienced SVR compared to 28% of those who did not (P ‫؍‬ 0.007). ELISPOT response was independently associated with SVR by multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Compared to CAs, AAs have weaker HCVspecific immunity. Pretreatment HCV-specific immunity is associated with response to combination antiviral therapy. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;46:350-358.)

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“…This hypothesis suggests that long-lived plasma cells are predominantly responsible for the maintenance of longterm persistence of Ab, independent of memory B cells (31,41,48,49). It is thought that Ag-specific long-lived plasma cells may live for decades, possibly in bone marrow niches (18,41).…”

Section: Menc-specific Memory B Cell Immune Responses Postboostermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Memory B cells are thought to be responsible for the secondary (anamnestic) immune response to an Ag (18)(19)(20) and, indirectly, Ab persistence (18), by replenishing the pool of long-lived Agspecific plasma cells [which are responsible for the continuous maintenance of serum Ab levels (21)(22)(23)]. It is thought that at steady state (.1 y following vaccine Ag encounter), memory B cells, plasma cells, and Abs are part of a robust homeostatic system (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

B Cell Memory to a Serogroup C Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Childhood and Response to Booster: Little Association with Serum IgG Antibody

Perrett

Jin

Clutterbuck

et al. 2012

The Journal of Immunology

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The maintenance of adequate serum Ab levels following immunization has been identified as the most important mechanism for individual long-term protection against rapidly invading encapsulated bacteria. The mechanisms for maintaining adequate serum Ab levels and the relationship between Ag-specific memory B cells and Ab at steady state are poorly understood. We measured the frequency of circulating serogroup C meningococcal (MenC)-specific memory B cells in 250 healthy 6- to 12-y-old children 6 y following MenC conjugate vaccine priming, before a booster of a combined Haemophilus influenzae type b–MenC conjugate vaccine and then 1 wk, 1 mo, and 1 y after the booster. We investigated the relationship between circulating MenC-specific memory B cell frequencies and Ab at baseline and following the booster vaccine. We found very low frequencies of circulating MenC-specific memory B cells at steady state in primary school-aged children and little association with MenC IgG Ab levels. Following vaccination, there were robust memory B cell booster responses that, unlike Ab levels, were not dependent on age at priming with MenC. Measurement of B cell memory in peripheral blood does not predict steady state Ab levels nor the capacity to respond to a booster dose of MenC Ag.

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Immunological memory in humans

Cited by 202 publications

References 63 publications

Detection of Influenza A/H1N1-Specific Human IgG-Secreting B Cells in Older Adults by ELISPOT Assay

Detection of Influenza A/H1N1-Specific Human IgG-Secreting B Cells in Older Adults by ELISPOT Assay

Selective decrease in hepatitis C virus-specific immunity among African Americans and outcome of antiviral therapy

B Cell Memory to a Serogroup C Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Childhood and Response to Booster: Little Association with Serum IgG Antibody

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