Immunological Function of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in the Intestine

Abstract

It has been shown that dietary materials are involved in immune regulation in the intestine. Lipids mediate immune regulation through a complex metabolic network that produces many kinds of lipid mediators. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator that controls cell trafficking and activation. In this review, we focus on the immunological functions of S1P in the regulation of intestinal immune responses such as immunoglobulin A production and unique T cell trafficking, and its role in the development of intestinal immune diseases such as food allergies and intestinal inflammation, and also discuss the relationship between dietary materials and S1P metabolism.

Effects of Dietary Plant-Origin Glucosylceramide on Bowel Inflammation in DSS-Treated Mice

“…Sphingoid bases hydrolyzed from complex sphingolipid or de novo synthesis are converted to sphingosine-1-phosphate, which then accelerate inflammatory reaction via sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors 10,28 .…”

Oral treatment with SEW2871, a sphingosine-1-phosphate type 1 receptor agonist, ameliorates experimental colitis in interleukin-10 gene deficient mice

“…S1P is recognized by cells expressing S1P receptors. Of the five types of S1P receptor, type 1 S1P receptors (S1P1) are expressed preferentially by lymphocytes, and determine lymphocyte emigration from and retention in the lymphoid tissues [16,17]. Accumulating evidence has revealed the pivotal role of S1P in the development of inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis [16,18].…”

“…Of the five types of S1P receptor, type 1 S1P receptors (S1P1) are expressed preferentially by lymphocytes, and determine lymphocyte emigration from and retention in the lymphoid tissues [16,17]. Accumulating evidence has revealed the pivotal role of S1P in the development of inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis [16,18]. It was reported recently that FTY720, a non-selective S1P receptor agonist, ameliorated intestinal inflammation in several murine colitis models [IL-10 -/-mice [19], trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis [20], dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced and CD4…”

Symbiont-derived sphingolipids modulate mucosal homeostasis and B cells in teleost fish

“…The sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor (S1P1) is mainly expressed by lymphocytes and determines their migration patterns from and into the secondary lymphoid organs and thymus20212223. Moreover, S1P/S1P1 regulate peritoneal B cell trafficking and intestinal IgA production in mice2425.…”