Immunological dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease

Khansari, Nemat; Whitten, H.D.; Chou, Y.K.; Fudenberg, H. Hugh

doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(84)80027-2

Cited by 52 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This observation can be related to the low production of IL-1 by monocytes of AD patients, as reported by Khansari et al [15]. Such an observation could indicate a relative immunodepression in the dis ease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Acute-Phase Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 1988

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The main ‘acute-phase proteins’ were determined in serum of 20 patients with presenile Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and compared with values in 18 age-matched healthy control subjects. Following parameters were evaluated: α₁-antitrypsin (αAT), haptoglobin (HPT), transferrin (TRF), acidic α₁-glycoprotein (A αG), ceruloplasmin (CER), α₂-macroglobulin (αMG), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB), together with the immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA, and some of the most significant factors of the classic (C3, C4) and alternative (properdin factor B) pathways of complement activation. The results showed a statistically significant increase in the levels of aAT (p < 0.001), CER (p < 0.001) and of all the complement factors studied (p < 0.005). The levels of other acute-phase proteins (HPT, TRF, A αG, αMG, CRP, ALB) and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) were similar in AD patients and normal controls. These results give rise the possibility that these elements indicate an altered immunoregulation compatible with chronic cell damage and/or chronic inflammation conditions. Moreover, the increased level of αAT can be related to the low production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) reported in AD, which supports the hypothesis of a relative derangement of the macrophage function in presenile AD patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Acute-Phase Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 1988

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“…Giometto et al [13] reported that haptoglobin, transferrin, acidic a|-glycoprotein, aj-macroglobulin, CRP, albumin, and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, and IgA) levels were similar in AD patients and con trols, but the levels of cq-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, and complement factors (C3, C4, and properdin factor B) were increased in AD, suggesting an abnormality in the immunoregulation of AD. Khansari et al [14] also reported that the production of interleukin-1 by the monocytes of AD patients was severely decreased. It has become clear that interleukins-1 and 6 relate to the regulation of the produc tion of AP in the liver [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Serum Amyloid P Component Level in Alzheimer's Disease

Nishiyama

Iwamoto²,

Kimura³

et al. 1996

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Serum amyloid P component (AP) is a normal plasma constituent that is observed in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brains of Alzheimer''s disease (AD) patients. In this study we have evaluated the AP levels in sera of 16 patients with AD and in 16 control subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The AP level was 22.4 ± (SD) 7.0 µg/ml in the AD group and 34.4 ± (SD) 6.6 µg/ml in the control group. The AP level in the AD group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.01). In the control group, there was no correlation between AP levels and age. Our results suggest that the production of AP by the liver (hepatocytes), thought to be the only source, may be suppressed in AD patients and that the deposition of AP in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles is not due to its overproduction.

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“…Khansari et al [20] found that peripheral blood monocytes from patients with Alzheimer's disease produced lower levels of IL-1 compared to those of healthy elderly volunteers. It is possible that there is a correlation between the severity of the dementia and the level of the produced cytokines by PBMC from patients with Alz- heimer's disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Levels and Phagocytic Activity in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Beloosesky

Salman²,

Bergman³

et al. 2002

Gerontology

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Background: Clinical observations indicate that patients with Alzheimer’s disease show a greater susceptibility to infections. One possible explanation is that this predisposition is due to alterations in their immune system. Objective: To investigate this assumption, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the phagocytic activity and superoxide anion generation was examined in aged individuals with and without Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: The production of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNFα and IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 patients with Alzheimer’s disease was compared with that of 12 age-matched individuals without any signs of dementia and 12 middle-aged healthy volunteers who served as an additional control. The engulfing capacity of the phagocytic cells was detected by counting cells containing latex beads and the number of particles internalized by each individual cell. Results: The secretion of IL-2 was markedly low in the demented patients, compared with both elderly and middle-aged subjects. IL-1β and TNFα production was similar in the individuals of the 3 groups. The production of IL-6 and IL-10 was significantly lower when compared to that of the middle-aged, but did not differ between the elderly patients with and without dementia. The phagocytic function of both polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes was decreased in individuals of the elderly groups with a low number of engulfed latex particles by each individual polymorphonuclear cell. The production of superoxide anions was increased only by monocytes from the elderly groups. Conclusions: The results suggest that although the impaired immune function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease is related to the aging process, the significant low IL-2 production in these patients may play a role in their increased susceptibility to infections.

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Immunological dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 52 publications

References 21 publications

Acute-Phase Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease

Acute-Phase Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease

Serum Amyloid P Component Level in Alzheimer's Disease

Cytokine Levels and Phagocytic Activity in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

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