Immunological Aspects of Parasitism

Dineen, J.K.

doi:10.1038/197268a0

Cited by 127 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The variation might be explained by the lack of intimate connection between the immunologically competent areas of the late and/or poorly responded animals and the STa antigenic determinants. This difference in antibody response is in general agreement with the theory of Dineen [38] which stated that the threshold level of antigen for antibody stimulation depended on the antigenic disparity between the individual host and the immunogen and the rate of flow of antigenic information from the immunogen to the reticulo-endothelial system of the host. In the present case, continued stimulation of the animals might have improved this connection and the efficiency of the circulating antibody in the neutralization of this low-molecular-weight toxin towards the end of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Generation of high-titer of neutralizing polyclonal antibodies against heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Aref

Saeed

2012

Vaccine

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Generation of high-titer of neutralizing polyclonal antibodies against heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Aref

Saeed

2012

Vaccine

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“…During the coevolution of pathogens and hosts, adaptation is thought to result in the gradual attenuation of virulence, as the survival of the pathogen is dependent on the survival of the host (Dineen 1963;Mims 1975). However, exceptions to this tendency are observed for pathogens in which debility or death of the host are required for transmission.…”

Section: Effects Of Specialization On Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Host Specificity of Bacterial Pathogens

Bäumler

Fang

2013

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

168

138

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“…Rather, their strategy seems to be one of stealth by defusing aggressive immune reactions and inducing forms of immunological tolerance to permit their long-term survival within their hosts (Dineen, 1963;1978;Maizels & Lawrence, 1991). Therefore in contrast to the microbial infections where the host recognises their "foreign-ness" and very quickly induces a strong immune response to infection, or following vaccination with efficacies approaching 100% (Emery, 1996), host immunity to worm parasites is slow to develop, is labile and easily destroyed by any form of stress (Cox, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestication of ruminant livestock and the impact of nematode parasites:possible implications for the reindeer industry

Waller

2005

Ran

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Abstract:In a balanced ecological system, both host and nematode parasite populations are firmly controlled by a complex array of interacting factors. However domestication of livestock has tipped the balance in favour of the parasites. This is due to increasing the proportion of susceptible animals in the herd or flock (lactating females and weaned young animals), increasing stocking rate, increasing productivity demands and decreasing the movement of the animals. In contrast with microbial infections, where multiplication takes place entirely within the host, metazoan parasites have both a parasitic phase and a free-living phase. Every worm present has been separately acquired by the ingestion of free-living stages on pasture. Immunity to nematodes develops slowly, it is labile, and its maintenance is dependent upon a good nutritional state of the animal. Consequently, worm parasites are ubiquitous wherever livestock are kept and they impose a constant and often a high infectious pressure on grazing animals. Nematode infections in grazing livestock are almost always a mixture of species. All have deleterious effects and collectively lead to chronic ill thrift. Economic evaluations repeatedly show that the major losses due to parasites are on animal production, rather than on mortality. This paper focuses on the problems of nematode parasites; problems associated with drug use (anthelmintic resistance, environmental impact) and costs of nematode infections for the common ruminant livestock industries (cattle, sheep, goats), with possible analogies for the semi-domesticated reindeer industry.

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Immunological Aspects of Parasitism

Cited by 127 publications

References 7 publications

Generation of high-titer of neutralizing polyclonal antibodies against heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Generation of high-titer of neutralizing polyclonal antibodies against heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Host Specificity of Bacterial Pathogens

Domestication of ruminant livestock and the impact of nematode parasites:possible implications for the reindeer industry

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