Immunological and Oxidative Biomarkers in Bovine Serum from Healthy, Clinical, and Sub-Clinical Mastitis Caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the mastitis’ emerging causative agents and their antimicrobial sensitivity, in addition to the hematological, biochemical indicators, oxidative biomarkers, acute phase protein (APP), and inflammatory cytokine changes in dairy farms in Gamasa, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. One hundred Holstein Friesian dairy cattle with clinical and subclinical mastitis were investigated and were allocated into three groups based on a thorough clinical examination. E. coli and S. aureus were found responsible for the clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy farms, respectively. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was detected in 100%, and 94.74% of E. coli and S. aureus isolates, respectively. Significantly low RBCs count, Hb, and PCV values were detected in mastitic cows compared with both subclinical mastitic and control groups; moreover, WBCs, lymphocytes, and neutrophil counts were significantly diminished in mastitic cows compared to the controls. Significantly higher levels of AST, LDH, total protein, and globulin were noticed in both mastitic and subclinical mastitic cows. The haptoglobin, fibrinogen, amyloid A, ceruloplasmin, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were statistically increased in mastitic cows compared to the controls. Higher MDA levels and reduction of TAC and catalase were identified in all the mastitic cases compared to the controls. Overall, the findings suggested potential public health hazards due to antimicrobial resistance emergence. Meanwhile, the APP and cytokines, along with antioxidant markers can be used as early indicators of mastitis.

Salmonella Species Threats in Duck Meat in Egypt: Prevalence and Correlation Between Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Production

“…The resistance against these antibiotics confirms previous reports [49,50]. The excessive usage of antimicrobial resistance in the poultry industry in way of medication against disease or as growth promotors may be the cause for the emerged resistance [51][52][53], besides, reports about antimicrobial resistance acquisition by natural gene transfer have been discussed extensively in the last days and was reported as a major cause of increasing the antimicrobial resistance worldwide [54]. In regarding this, governmental efforts must be done to stop the unconscious usage of these antibiotics in the animal production cycle.…”

Clinicopathological study on camel mastitis at Matrouh Governorate

“…They trigger different immune cells and molecules to perform their duties and coordinate between them. Pro-inflammatory cytokines upregulation has been noticed in clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows and ewes [ 11 – 15 ] and different types of bacterial infections and inflammatory conditions in dromedaries [ 16 , 17 ]. Conversely, anti-inflammatory cytokines (Il-10) are the terminator of the inflammatory immune response.…”

Bovine Milk Proteome: Milk Fat Globule Membrane Protein Is the Most Sensitive Fraction in Response to High Somatic Cell Count

“…ALDH3B1 has been shown to decrease the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the incidence of intracellular lipid peroxidation . The increase of MGST and ALDH3B1 suggests a release of oxidative stress caused by inflammation in the mammary gland. , DAGLB catalyzes the reaction to generate fatty acids from 1,2-diacyl- sn -glycerol. LACTB is a mitochondrial serine protease that acts as a regulator of mitochondrial lipid metabolism .…”

“…42 The increase of MGST and ALDH3B1 suggests a release of oxidative stress caused by inflammation in the mammary gland. 43,44 DAGLB catalyzes the reaction to generate fatty acids from 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol. LACTB is a mitochondrial serine protease that acts as a regulator of mitochondrial lipid metabolism.…”