Immunological alterations associated with Plasmodium vivax malaria in South Korea

Abstract

Various haematological and immunological studies on patients infected with Plasmodium vivax were undertaken, at diagnosis (day 0), after treatment with chloroquine but during primaquine treatment (day 10) and after all treatment (day 59), in South Korea (where there has been a recent and abrupt increase in the incidence of such infection). The main aims were to gain an understanding of the haemto-immunological alterations of this malarial infection, both before and after treatment, and to identify at least one useful marker for the diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring of P. vivax malaria. Thirty-eight patients with P. vivax malaria were compared with 20, apparently healthy controls. At diagnosis, the patients had lymphopenia, marked eosinopenia (the eosinophil count being correlated with the platelet count) and thrombopenia. Cells of most of the lymphocyte subsets investigated [i.e. CD3+, CD8+, CD19+, CD56+, CD3-/CD56+ and CD8+/CD56+ but not CD4+, CD3+/CD56+ or CD25+] were significantly less common among the lymphocytes of patients at diagnosis than among those of the controls. After initiating treatment, the numbers of CD19+ lymphocytes gradually increased (to normal values by day 59), whereas those of CD3+/56+ lymphocytes remained abnormally low throughout the follow-up period. The proportions of lymphocytes identified as CD4+ appeared to be unaffected by treatment. Although serum concentrations of IgE (and, to a lesser extent, IgM) were elevated in the patients at diagnosis, they were subnormal on day 10 post-treatment and normal at the day-59 follow-up. Serum concentrations of IgG and IgA in the patients were always found to be similar to those in the controls. At diagnosis the serum concentrations of complements C3 and C4 were significantly elevated in the patients. C3 remained at the same high concentration during follow-up but the concentration of C4, like that of IgE, was found to be subnormal on day 10 and normal 7 weeks later. The level of parasitaemia (%) was only found to be significantly correlated with haemoglobin concentration. The observation of eosinopenia with elevated IgE and C4 could be a useful indicator of P. vivax malaria, and treatment response could be followed by serial monitoring of serum concentrations of IgE and C4.

Malaria and haematologic parameters of pupils at different altitudes along the slope of Mount Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

“…Consistent with previous investigations [7,9,11,31,32] a decrease in WBC counts was associated with malaria infection while Ladhani et al [33] reported children with malaria to have a higher WBC count. The mean WBC counts in the pupils highlights a significant interaction between the age, parasite density and the altitude.…”

Immunity to Malaria in Plasmodium vivax Infection: A Study in Central China

“…Previous findings show the inhibition of B cell phenotypes in both P. falciparum and P. vivax infections [24], [42], [43]. In addition, our results showed the level of B cells in acute P. vivax -infected patients was unchanged.…”

Impact of malaria on haematological parameters of urban, peri-urban and rural residents in the Ashanti region of Ghana: a cross-sectional study

“…One of the most striking results from the study was the low levels of platelet and plateletcrit (a measure of total platelet mass) observed in malaria-infected study participants compared to uninfected participants, a finding that is consistent with results from other studies 6 , 7 , 16 . This observation is particularly common in Plasmodium falciparum 4 , 30 and Plasmodium vivax infections 31 , 32 . In this present study, 58.1% of malaria-infected individuals were thrombocytopaenic.…”