Immunologic studies of peripheral blood from patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

The Immunoregulatory Role of Cytokines in Congestive Heart Failure

“…There have been several hypotheses with respect to the source of production of proinflammatory cytokines in different forms of heart diseases. The first hypothesis suggests that activation of the immune system in response to some kind of tissue injury is responsible for cytokine production [33][34][35]. The second hypothesis suggests that pro-inflammatory cytokines are activated in stressed myocardial tissue and that the elevated levels in the peripheral circulation represent a spillover from the cytokines produced locally in the myocardium [36][37][38].…”

Dilated cardiomyopathy and severe heart failure. An update for pediatricians

“…However, a cause may not be found in up to 70% of cases, so idiopathic DCM is the most common presentation and the diagnosis is one of exclusion. 6,7 Among the identifiable causes, myocarditis and arrhythmias may show functional improvement with a timely treatment 9,13 (Table 1). DCM is more common among younger infants, males (x-linked and mitochondrial inheritance), and black people.…”

Miocardiopatía dilatada e insuficiencia cardíaca grave. Puesta al día para el médico pediatra

“…Sin embargo, hasta en un 70% de los casos, no se identifica una causa, por lo que la MCD idiopática es la forma más frecuente, y su diagnóstico es de exclusión. 6,7 Dentro de las causas identificables, la miocarditis y las arritmias podrían Actualización e422 / Arch Argent Pediatr 2018;116(3):e421-e428 / Actualización mostrar una mejoría funcional con un tratamiento oportuno 9,13 (Tabla 1). Es más frecuente en lactantes menores, varones (herencia ligada al X y mitocondrial) y en la raza negra.…”