Immunologic Responses of Healthy Volunteers Receiving Azathioprine (Imuran)

Maibach, Howard I.; Epstein, William L.

doi:10.1159/000229603

Cited by 40 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Lympho penia in uraemics has been reported [22,37,50]. Azathioprine (100 mg daily) administered over a period of 12 weeks, does not appear to cause a reduction of lymphocytes [29], whereas it has been described after steroid therapy [16]. The reduced delayed hypersensitivity found in the uraemic patients in this study confirms the work of others [23,25,39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The present results showed that while the transplant patients showed a significantly reduced response in comparison with the control subjects, those patients studied within 3 months of transplantation had significantly reduced delayed hypersensitivity responses in comparison with those studied later than 3 months post-transplantation. Azathioprine has been shown to have no effect on pre-existing delayed hypersensitivity [12,27,29,45], but has been shown to prevent a response to a new antigen [26,43]. Prednisone can inhibit a positive tuberculin test [5], The reduced de layed hypersensitivity response in the transplant group would, therefore, appear to be due to the immunosuppressive therapy and the reduced re sponse in the uraemic state pre-transplantation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defective Immune and Phagocytic Functions in Uraemia and Renal Transplantation

McIntosh

Hansen

Ziegler

et al. 1976

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The humoral, cellular and neutrophil responses of uraemic patients maintained by haemodialysis were compared with those of renal transplant recipients. Humoral immunity was reduced only in the transplant group. Cell-mediated immunity was abnormal in both groups but more decreased in the transplant group studied particularly within 3 months of transplantation. The neutrophil bactericidal capacities were defective in both groups. Infectious complications were often associated with defective cellular immunity, but fatal infections occurred only in transplant patients over 40 years of age with combined cellular and neutrophil defects. No single test was predictive of graft survival in uraemic patients. The depressed cellular immune responses in uraemia, of the degree seen in the immunosuppressed transplant recipient, may explain the better prognosis of renal transplants compared with other organ transplants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defective Immune and Phagocytic Functions in Uraemia and Renal Transplantation

McIntosh

Hansen

Ziegler

et al. 1976

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Suppression of primary and secondary humoral antibody responses by purine analogues in both animal and man has been well documented (4)(5)(6)(7). Wolff and Goodman (8) in addition, have shown 6MP and 6-thioguanine to depress immunoglobulin levels in normal rabbits, and Herrod, Myers, Self, and Cooper (9) have demonstrated hypogammaglobulinemia in rabbits when treated from birth with 6-methylmercaptopurine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of azathioprine on gammaglobulin synthesis in man

Levy¹,

Barnett²,

MacDonald³

et al. 1972

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Drug ther apy had no observable effect on established skin test responses to this an tigen. Clinical investigations using similar drug dosages tend to agree with these findings [1,7,10]. In contrast to these reports, clinical azathioprine treatment was reported to be accompanied by a significant depression in pre-existent delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to a number of antigens [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Lack of Effect of Azathioprine on Phytohemagglutinin-Induced Lymphocyte Transformation and Established Delayed Cutaneous Hypersensitivity

Sharbaugh¹,

Ainsworth²,

Fitts³

1976

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The effect of experimental long-term azathioprine administration on pre-existing in vitro and in vivo manifestations of delayed hypersensitivity was examined. Adult ewes were administered 3 mg/kg/day azathioprine for periods of up to 28 days. Neither phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced nor tuberculin-induced lymphocyte transformation was affected. Similarly, pre-existing skin test positivity to tuberculin showed no observable change following drug therapy. These results agree with the majority of those involving clinical situations and indicate that immunosuppression with azathioprine cannot be effectively monitored by either the lymphocyte transformation response to PHA or by changes in the in vivo or in vitro manifestations of pre-existing delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity.

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Immunologic Responses of Healthy Volunteers Receiving Azathioprine (Imuran)

Cited by 40 publications

References 8 publications

Defective Immune and Phagocytic Functions in Uraemia and Renal Transplantation

Defective Immune and Phagocytic Functions in Uraemia and Renal Transplantation

The effect of azathioprine on gammaglobulin synthesis in man

Lack of Effect of Azathioprine on Phytohemagglutinin-Induced Lymphocyte Transformation and Established Delayed Cutaneous Hypersensitivity

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