Immunologic Response to Infection and Its Role in Septic Shock

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Activation Induced byLeptospira interrogansGlycolipoprotein

“…The latter can be detected at as early as 6 hours of incubation, and its levels decrease in the following 24 to 72 h. IL-10 was detectable at low levels at 6 hours, increasing thereafter and reaching a plateau at 48 to 72 h of incubation. This sequence of events observed in vitro resembles cytokine patterns observed in patients with sepsis (9,41). The induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, may be essential to modulate the inflammatory process, reducing tissue damage and stimulating regeneration and healing.…”

First-Generation Adenovirus Vectors Shorten Survival Time in a Murine Model of Sepsis

“…Whether this represents increased transcription, translation, or shedding of cellular receptors into the circulation is not yet known. Many studies have focused on techniques to reduce systemic TNF-␣ in the setting of sepsis, in that it is likely an early contributor to systemic injury (41,45). However, techniques that limit the immune response in sepsis may render the patient more susceptible to infection (46,47).…”

Overexpression of Interleukin-15 Increases Susceptibility to Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury in Mice Primed withMycobacterium bovisBacillus Calmette-Guérin

“…These infections frequently result in liver injury caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from gram-negative bacteria (2,4,27). LPS-induced acute liver injury in mice pretreated with heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes or viable Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been widely used as a model of hepatic failure associated with endotoxin.…”