Immunologic characteristics of human gingival fibroblasts in response to oral bacteria

Jang, Ji Eun; Song, In‐Seok; Baek, Keumjin; Choi, Youngnim; Ji, Sang-Hoon

doi:10.1111/jre.12410

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…The other main gingival resident cells are GFs, which also participate in the immune response to oral bacteria by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and IL-8 30 . In this study, we reported that IL-36s mRNA expression was not altered in human primary GFs infected with P. gingivalis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-36γ is a pivotal inflammatory player in periodontitis-associated bone loss

Cloître

Halgand

Sourice

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease due to the host response (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17A) to oral bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. The newer members of the IL-1 family, IL-36s (IL-36α/IL-36β/IL-36γ/IL-36Ra/IL-38) are known to be involved in host defense against P. gingivalis in oral epithelial cells (OECs) and are considered as key inflammatory mediators in chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of IL-36s in periodontitis. We showed here that IL-36γ mRNA gingival expression is higher in periodontitis patients, whereas IL-36β and IL-36Ra mRNA expression are lower compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, the elevated IL-36γ expression in patients is positively correlated with the RANKL/OPG ratio, an index of bone resorption. In vitro, IL-36γ expression was induced through TLR2 activation in primary OECs infected with P. gingivalis but not in gingival fibroblasts, the most widespread cell type in gingival connective tissue. In OECs, recombinant IL-36γ enhanced the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-36γ), of TLR2 and importantly, the RANKL/OPG ratio. These findings suggest that IL-36γ could be a pivotal inflammatory player in periodontitis by perpetuating gingival inflammation and its associated alveolar bone resorption and could be a relevant therapeutic target.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-36γ is a pivotal inflammatory player in periodontitis-associated bone loss

Cloître

Halgand

Sourice

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…The data strongly argued that Leptotrichia may be crucially involved in the ‘fine-tune’ regulation of epithelial immune response to obtain homeostasis or propagate inflammatory response [48]. Jang et al [102] reported that L. wadei , Fusobacterium nucleatum , and Campylobacter gracilis when co-cultured with human gingival fibroblasts highly upregulated the expression of antimicrobial chemokine peptides and the proinflammatory mediators IL-6 and IL-8, whereas the red-complex bacteria stimulated low levels or often suppressed expression of these factors [102]. …”

Section: Brief Additional Clinical Information On Leptotrichia Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptotrichia species in human infections II

Eribe

Olsen

2017

Journal of Oral Microbiology

107

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Leptotrichia species are non-motile facultative anaerobic/anaerobic bacteria that are found mostly in the oral cavity and some other parts of the human body, in animals, and even in ocean sediments. Valid species include L. buccalis, L. goodfellowii, L. hofstadii, L. honkongensis, L. shahii, L. trevisanii, and L. wadei. Some species require serum or blood for growth. All species ferment carbohydrates and produce lactic acid that may be involved with tooth decay. Acting as opportunistic pathogens, they are involved in a variety of diseases, and have been isolated from immunocompromised but also immunocompetent individuals. Mucositis, oral lesions, wounds, and abscesses may predispose to Leptotrichia septicemia. Because identification of Leptotrichia species by phenotypic features occasionally lead to misidentification, genetic techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing is recommended. Early diagnosis and treatment of leptotrichia infections is important for positive outcomes. Over the last years, Leptotrichia species have been associated with several changes in taxonomy and new associations with clinical diseases. Such changes are reported in this updated review.

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“…Leptorichias are opportunistic bacteria found in oral biofilm and saliva. Increased amounts of L. Wadei are associated to rheumatoid arthritis by stimulating the release of antimicrobial chemokines and proinflammatory mediators, IL-6 and IL-8 [15]. Despite non-significant, our analysis indicates an increase in IL-8 (2 folds) in CNr and IL-6 (1.8 folds) and MIP-α (6 folds) in MCI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Classifying dementia progression using microbial profiling of saliva

Bathini

Foucras

Perna

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Introduction: There is increasing evidence linking periodontal infections to Alzheimer's disease. Saliva sampling can reveal information about the host and pathogen interactions that can inform about physiological and pathological brain states. Methods: A cross-sectional cohort of age-matched subjects (78) was segmented according to their chemosensory (University of Pennsylvania smell identification test; UPSIT) and cognitive scores (mini-mental score evaluation; MMSE and clinical dementia rating; CDR). Mid-morning saliva was sampled from each subject and processed for microbiome composition and cytokine analysis. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to unravel specific changes in microbial and immunological signatures and logistic regression analysis (LRA) was employed to identify taxa that varied in abundance among patients' groups. Results: Using olfaction we distinguish in the cognitively normal population a segment with high chemosensory scores (CNh, 27) and another segment with chemosensory scores (CNr, 16) as low as MCI (21) but higher than the AD group (17). We could identify stage-specific microbial signatures changes but no clear distinct cytokine profiles. Periodontal pathogen species as F. villosus decline with increasing severity of AD while opportunistic oral bacteria as L. Wadei shows a significant enrichment MCI. Conclusions: The salivary microbiome indicates stage-dependent changes in oral bacteria favoring opportunistic bacteria at the expenses of periodontal bacteria, while the inflammatory profiles remain mainly unchanged in the sampled population.

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Immunologic characteristics of human gingival fibroblasts in response to oral bacteria

Abstract: The invasion of red-complex bacteria into gingival connective tissue can suppress the immune response of GFs and can be a source of persistent infection in connective tissue.

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

IL-36γ is a pivotal inflammatory player in periodontitis-associated bone loss

IL-36γ is a pivotal inflammatory player in periodontitis-associated bone loss

Leptotrichia species in human infections II

Classifying dementia progression using microbial profiling of saliva

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