Immunologic approaches to therapy for brain tumors

Paul, David B.; Kruse, Carol A.

doi:10.1007/s11910-001-0024-8

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The radiation doses delivered to tumor and normal tissues during BNCT are due to energy deposition from three types of directly ionizing radiation that differ in their LET characteristics: (a) low LET g rays, resulting primarily from the capture of thermal neutrons by normal tissue hydrogen atoms [ 1 H(n,g) 14 N(n,p) 14 C]; and (c) high LET, heavier-charged a particles (stripped-down 4 He nuclei) and 7 Li ions, released as products of the thermal neutron capture and fission reactions with 10 B [ 10 B(n,a) 7 Li]. The greater density of ionizations along tracks of high LET particles results in an increased biological effect compared with the same physical dose of low LET radiation.…”

Section: Radiobiological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of Cancer: Current Status and Future Prospects

Barth

Coderre²,

Vicente³

et al. 2005

Clinical Cancer Research

908

666

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Background: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the nuclear reaction that occurs when boron-10 is irradiated with low-energy thermal neutrons to yield high linear energy transfer A particles and recoiling lithium-7 nuclei. Clinical interest in BNCT has focused primarily on the treatment of high-grade gliomas and either cutaneous primaries or cerebral metastases of melanoma, most recently, head and neck and liver cancer. Neutron sources for BNCT currently are limited to nuclear reactors and these are available in the United States, Japan, several European countries, and Argentina. Accelerators also can be used to produce epithermal neutrons and these are being developed in several countries, but none are currently being used for BNCT. Boron Delivery Agents: Two boron drugs have been used clinically, sodium borocaptate (Na 2 B 12 H 11 SH) and a dihydroxyboryl derivative of phenylalanine called boronophenylalanine. The major challenge in the development of boron delivery agents has been the requirement for selective tumor targeting to achieve boron concentrations (f20 Ag/g tumor) sufficient to deliver therapeutic doses of radiation to the tumor with minimal normal tissue toxicity. Over the past 20 years, other classes of boron-containing compounds have been designed and synthesized that include boroncontaining amino acids, biochemical precursors of nucleic acids, DNA-binding molecules, and porphyrin derivatives. High molecular weight delivery agents include monoclonal antibodies and their fragments, which can recognize a tumor-associated epitope, such as epidermal growth factor, and liposomes. However, it is unlikely that any single agent will target all or even most of the tumor cells, and most likely, combinations of agents will be required and their delivery will have to be optimized. Clinical Trials: Current or recently completed clinical trials have been carried out inJapan, Europe, and the United States. The vast majority of patients have had high-grade gliomas. Treatment has consisted first of ''debulking'' surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible, followed by BNCTat varying times after surgery. Sodium borocaptate and boronophenylalanine administered i.v have been used as the boron delivery agents. The best survival data from these studies are at least comparable with those obtained by current standard therapy for glioblastoma multiforme, and the safety of the procedure has been established. Conclusions: Critical issues that must be addressed include the need for more selective and effective boron delivery agents, the development of methods to provide semiquantitative estimates of tumor boron content before treatment, improvements in clinical implementation of BNCT, and a need for randomized clinical trials with an unequivocal demonstration of therapeutic efficacy. If these issues are adequately addressed, then BNCTcould move forward as a treatment modality.

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Section: Radiobiological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of Cancer: Current Status and Future Prospects

Barth

Coderre²,

Vicente³

et al. 2005

Clinical Cancer Research

908

666

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“…The future is very promising, indeed, and we can foresee the CAR T approach being successfully tried in many forms of cancer [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Therapy with Chimeric Antigen Receptors - A Landmark Moment for Cancer Immunotherapy

Fymat¹

2017

JCPCR

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“…The radiation doses delivered to tumor and normal tissues during BNCT are due to energy deposition from three types of directly ionizing radiation that differ in their LET characteristics: (1) low LET g rays, resulting primarily from the capture of thermal neutrons by normal tissue hydrogen atoms [ 1 H(n,g) 2 H]; (2) high LET protons, produced by the scattering of fast neutrons and from the capture of thermal neutrons by nitrogen atoms [ 10 N(n,p) 14 C]; and (3) high LET, heavier charged alpha particles (stripped down 4 He nuclei) and lithium-7 ions, released as products of the thermal neutron capture and fission reactions with 10 B [ 10 B(n,a) 7 Li]. The greater density of ionizations along tracks of high LET particles results in an increased biological effect compared to the same physical dose of low LET radiation.…”

Section: Radiobiological Considerations Types Of Radiation Deliveredmentioning

confidence: 99%