Immunologic analysis by quantitative fluorescent antibody methods of effects of prolonged cultivation on Histomonas meleagridis (smith)

Dwyer, Dennis M.; Honigberg, B. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00329219

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Dwyer used gel diffusion and quantitative fluorescent-antibody methods to analyze the antigenic relationships among Dientamoeba, Histomonas, Trichomonas, and Entamoeba (15)(16)(17). These results demonstrated that Dientamoeba, Histomonas, and Trichomonas shared many closely related antigens with each other and far fewer with Entamoeba.…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dientamoeba fragilis, the Neglected Trichomonad of the Human Bowel

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYDientamoeba fragilisis a protozoan parasite of the human bowel, commonly reported throughout the world in association with gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite its initial discovery over 100 years ago, arguably, we know less about this peculiar organism than any other pathogenic or potentially pathogenic protozoan that infects humans. The details of its life cycle and mode of transmission are not completely known, and its potential as a human pathogen is debated within the scientific community. Recently, several major advances have been made with respect to this organism's life cycle and molecular biology. While many questions remain unanswered, these and other recent advances have given rise to some intriguing new leads, which will pave the way for future research. This review encompasses a large body of knowledge generated on various aspects ofD. fragilisover the last century, together with an update on the most recent developments. This includes an update on the latest diagnostic techniques and treatments, the clinical aspects of dientamoebiasis, the development of an animal model, the description of aD. fragiliscyst stage, and the sequencing of the firstD. fragilistranscriptome.

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Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dientamoeba fragilis, the Neglected Trichomonad of the Human Bowel

et al. 2016

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“…[ 24 ] Previous studies reported that identification and differentiation of Dientamoeba by direct smear and formalin-ether concentration techniques lack accuracy and are laborious and time-consuming compared to molecular assays. [ 25 26 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of microscopy and PCR for detection of Dientamoeba fragilis

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Dientamoeba fragilis ( D. fragilis ) diagnosis is an intestinal protozoan parasite globally found in rural and urban areas and is attracting a growing interest. Its prevalence in stool varies from 0.2% to more than 19% depending upon the population studied. Materials and Methods: This study was based on the examination of 100 stool samples of randomly referred cases in a rural area in Motobus district, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt. Our aim was to investigate the presence of D. fragilis in stool of the examined individuals using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) compared to wet mount and trichrome stain with confirmation of infection by transmission electron microscopy. Results: D. fragilis was detected in 13/100 of the stool samples examined using wet mount smears, while trichrome stain detected 17/100. Conventional PCR diagnosed 41 cases of D. fragilis in the studied group. A very good agreement was found between wet mount and trichrome stain for diagnosing D. fragilis , while there was fair agreement between conventional PCR and both microscopy methods. Transmission electron microscope was performed on pooled positive samples that revealed the internal structures of D. fragilis trophozoite with its characteristic nucleus. Conclusions: PCR technique was superior to microscopy for the detection of D. fragilis . Trichrome stain remains vital for microscopic diagnosis.

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“…Hyperimmune antisera raised in rabbits against the two flagellates cross-reacted in an indirect fluorescent antibody test ( 31 ), although in agar gel immune-diffusion test ( 32 ) species-specific precipitin lines were seen. Both, antigenic differences and some cross-reactivity could also be demonstrated by immunoelectrophoresis ( 33 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the Immunity of Poultry Against the Extracellular Protozoan Parasite Histomonas meleagridis Is a Cornerstone for Vaccine Development: A Review

et al. 2018

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The protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridis is the causative agent of histomonosis in gallinaceous birds, predominantly in turkeys and chickens. Depending on the host species the outcome of the disease can be very severe with high mortality as observed in turkeys, whereas in chickens the mortality rates are generally lower. The disease is known for more than 100 years when in vitro and in vivo investigations started to understand histomonosis and the causative pathogen. For decades histomonosis could be well-controlled by effective drugs for prevention and therapy until the withdrawal of such chemicals for reasons of consumer protection in Europe, the USA and additional countries worldwide. Consequently, research efforts also focused to find new strategies against the disease, resulting in the development of an efficacious live-attenuated vaccine. In addition to efficacy and safety several studies were performed to obtain a deeper understanding of the immune response of the host against H. meleagridis. It could be demonstrated that antibodies accumulate in different parts of the intestine of chickens following infection with H. meleagridis which was much pronounced in the ceca. Furthermore, expression profiles of various cytokines revealed that chickens mounted an effective cecal innate immune response during histomonosis compared to turkeys. Studying the cellular immune response following infection and/or vaccination of host birds showed a limitation of pronounced changes of B cells and T-cell subsets in vaccinated birds in comparison to non-protected birds. Additionally, numbers of lymphocytes including cytotoxic T cells increased in the ceca of diseased turkeys compared to infected chickens suggesting an immunopathological impact on disease pathogenesis. The identification of type 1 and type 2 T-helper (Th) cells in infected and lymphoid organs by in situ hybridization did not show a clear separation of Th cells during infection but revealed a coherence of an increase of interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA positive cells in ceca and protection. The present review not only summarizes the research performed on the immune response of host birds in the course of histomonosis but also highlights the specific features of H. meleagridis as a model organism to study immunological principles of an extracellular organism in birds.

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Immunologic analysis by quantitative fluorescent antibody methods of effects of prolonged cultivation on Histomonas meleagridis (smith)

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Dientamoeba fragilis, the Neglected Trichomonad of the Human Bowel

Dientamoeba fragilis, the Neglected Trichomonad of the Human Bowel

Evaluation of microscopy and PCR for detection of Dientamoeba fragilis

Unravelling the Immunity of Poultry Against the Extracellular Protozoan Parasite Histomonas meleagridis Is a Cornerstone for Vaccine Development: A Review

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