Immunolocalization of LM2 arabinogalactan protein epitope associated with endomembranes of plant cells

Šamaj, Jozef; Šamajová, Olga; Peters, Marc; Baluška, Frantǐsek; Lichtscheidl, Irene; Knox, John; Volkmann, Dieter

doi:10.1007/bf01282919

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Non-uniform distribution of labeling in higher plant cell walls and spatial regulation of the synthesis of polymers based on cell origin (Freshour AGPs are present in Sphagnum hyaline cells and Megaceros elaters. Although some labeling was observed in the cytoplasm in Megaceros, the fixation protocol employed was not optimized for cytoplasmic contents and thus prevented any conclusion on whether this was specific or associated with the presence of Golgi or Golgi-derived vesicles, as has been shown for AGPs in higher plant cells (Samaj et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of cell wall components in Sphagnum hyaline cells and in liverwort and hornwort elaters

Kremer

Pettolino

Bacic

et al. 2004

Planta

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Spiral secondary walls are found in hyaline cells of Sphagnum, in the elaters of most liverworts, and in elaters of the hornwort Megaceros. Recent studies on these cells suggest that cytoskeletal and ultrastructural processes involved in cell differentiation and secondary wall formation are similar in bryophytes and vascular plant tracheary elements. To examine differences in wall structure, primary and secondary wall constituents of the hyaline cells of Sphagnum novo-zelandicum and elaters of the liverwort Radula buccinifera and the hornwort Megaceros gracilis were analyzed by immunohistochemical and chemical methods. Anti-arabinogalactan-protein antibodies, JIM8 and JIM13, labeled the central fibrillar secondary wall layer of Megaceros elaters and the walls of Sphagnum leaf cells, but did not label the walls of Radula elaters. The CCRC-M7 antibody, which detects an arabinosylated (1-->6)-linked beta-galactan epitope, exclusively labeled hyaline cells in Sphagnum leaves and the secondary walls of Radula elaters. Anti-pectin antibodies, LM5 and JIM5, labeled the primary wall in Megaceros elaters. LM5 also labeled the central layer of the secondary wall but only during formation. In Radula elaters, JIM5 and another anti-pectin antibody, JIM7, labeled the primary wall. The distribution of arabinogalactan-proteins and pectic polysaccharides restricted to specific wall types and stages of development provides evidence for the developmental and functional regulation of cell wall composition in bryophytes. Monosaccharide-linkage analysis of Sphagnum leaf cell walls suggests they contain polysaccharides similar to those of higher plants. The most abundant linkage was 4-Glc, typical of cellulose, but there was also evidence for xyloglucans, 4-linked mannans, 4-linked xylans and rhamnogalacturonan-type polysaccharides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of cell wall components in Sphagnum hyaline cells and in liverwort and hornwort elaters

Kremer

Pettolino

Bacic

et al. 2004

Planta

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“…Glycosylation of proteins is supposed to be initiated in the ER followed by partial glycan degradation and reconstruction in the Golgi. linkages in pectin RG-II] are all supposed to occur in the Golgi apparatus, based on immunocytochemical analyses (Zhang and Staehelin 1992;Vicre et al 1998;Fitchette et al 1999;Ande`me-Onzighi et al 2000;Samaj et al 2000;Pettolino et al 2001). Therefore, in the Golgi, several biosynthetic events catalyzed by different GalT activities presumably occur in parallel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcellular localization and topology of �(1?4)galactosyltransferase that elongates �(1?4)galactan side chains in rhamnogalacturonan�I in potato

Geshi¹,

Jørgensen²,

Ulvskov³

2004

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The subcellular localization and topology of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) beta(1-->4)galactosyltransferase(s) (beta[1-->4]GalTs) from potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) were investigated. Using two-step discontinuous sucrose step gradients, galactosyltransferase (GalT) activity that synthesized 70%-methanol-insoluble products from UDP-[(14)C]Gal was detected in both the 0.5 M sucrose fraction and the 0.25/1.1 M sucrose interface. The former fraction contained mainly soluble proteins and the latter was enriched in Golgi vesicles that contained most of the UDPase activity, a Golgi marker. By gel-filtration analysis, products of 180-2000 Da were found in the soluble fraction, whereas in the Golgi-enriched fraction the products were larger than 80 kDa and could be digested with rhamnogalacturonan lyase and beta(1,4) endogalactanase to yield smaller rhamnogalacturonan oligomers, galactobiose and galactose. The endogalactanase requires beta(1-->4)galactans with at least three galactosyl residues for cleavage, indicating that the enzyme(s) present in the 0.25/1.1 M Suc interface transferred one or more galactosyl residues to pre-existing beta(1-->4)galactans producing RG-I side chains in total longer than a trimer. Thus, the beta(1-->4)GalT activity that elongates beta(1-->4)-linked galactan on RG-I was located in the Golgi apparatus. This beta(1-->4)GalT activity was not reduced after treatment of the Golgi vesicles with proteinase, but approximately 75% of the activity was lost after treatment with proteinase in the presence of Triton X-100. In addition, the beta(1-->4)GalT activity was recovered in the detergent phase after treatment of Golgi vesicles with Triton X-114. Taken together, these observations supported the view that the RG-I beta(1-->4)GalT that elongates beta(1-->4)galactan was mainly located in the Golgi apparatus and integrated into the membrane with its catalytic site facing the lumen.

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“…These data suggest that arabinogalactan protein populations are different between root cap/border cells and the rest of the root in pea. Such a resolution of multiple bands of arabinogalactan proteins with JIM13 is unusual, as probing with antiarabinogalactan protein monoclonal antibodies on western blots generally reveals a smear of material (Jauh and Lord, 1996;Šamaj et al, 2000;Lu et al, 2001). However, the presence of sharp bands does not represent a distinguishing feature of the root cap/border cells, as this occurs also in the whole root of B. napus and pea (Supplemental Fig.…”

Section: Reagent-precipitable Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Arabinogalactan Proteins from the Root Caps of Pea and Brassica napus on Aphanomyces euteiches Zoospore Chemotaxis and Germination

et al. 2012

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Root tips of many plant species release a number of border, or border-like, cells that are thought to play a major role in the protection of root meristem. However, little is currently known on the structure and function of the cell wall components of such root cells. Here, we investigate the sugar composition of the cell wall of the root cap in two species: pea (Pisum sativum), which makes border cells, and Brassica napus, which makes border-like cells. We find that the cell walls are highly enriched in arabinose and galactose, two major residues of arabinogalactan proteins. We confirm the presence of arabinogalactan protein epitopes on root cap cell walls using immunofluorescence microscopy. We then focused on these proteoglycans by analyzing their carbohydrate moieties, linkages, and electrophoretic characteristics. The data reveal (1) significant structural differences between B. napus and pea root cap arabinogalactan proteins and (2) a cross-link between these proteoglycans and pectic polysaccharides. Finally, we assessed the impact of root cap arabinogalactan proteins on the behavior of zoospores of Aphanomyces euteiches, an oomycetous pathogen of pea roots. We find that although the arabinogalactan proteins of both species induce encystment and prevent germination, the effects of both species are similar. However, the arabinogalactan protein fraction from pea attracts zoospores far more effectively than that from B. napus. This suggests that root arabinogalactan proteins are involved in the control of early infection of roots and highlights a novel role for these proteoglycans in root-microbe interactions.

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Immunolocalization of LM2 arabinogalactan protein epitope associated with endomembranes of plant cells

Cited by 53 publications

References 55 publications

Distribution of cell wall components in Sphagnum hyaline cells and in liverwort and hornwort elaters

Distribution of cell wall components in Sphagnum hyaline cells and in liverwort and hornwort elaters

Subcellular localization and topology of �(1?4)galactosyltransferase that elongates �(1?4)galactan side chains in rhamnogalacturonan�I in potato

Effect of Arabinogalactan Proteins from the Root Caps of Pea and Brassica napus on Aphanomyces euteiches Zoospore Chemotaxis and Germination

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