Immunolocalization and developmental expression patterns of two cathepsin B proteases (AC-cathB-1, -2) of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Yu, Changmao; Wang, Yinan; Zhang, Jing; Fang, Wenzhen; Luo, Damin

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2014.06.008

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…High expression of cathepsin B-like proteases 1 and 2 (AC-cathB-1, AC-cathB-2) and haemoglobin-type cysteine protease (AC-haem) occurs in L 3 larvae (Ni et al 2012;Yu et al 2014a). As with other helminths, cathepsin B-and D-like proteases of A. cantonensis degrade host proteins, including haemoglobin and IgG (Brindley et al 2001;Baig et al 2002;Beckham et al 2006;Jilkova et al 2011;Cheng et al 2012).…”

Section: Transcriptomes Proteomes and Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expression of AC-cathB-2 is higher in L 3 larvae than in L 1 larvae and adults (Ni et al 2012), while AC-cathB expression is greater in L 4 and L 5 worms (Han et al 2011). High expression of AC-cathBs occurs in the oesophagus of L 3 larvae, supporting their role in host gut penetration (Yu et al 2014a;Long et al 2015). In L 4 worms, AC-cathB-1 is excreted/secreted and localizes to the intestine (Cheng et al 2012).…”

Section: Transcriptomes Proteomes and Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Angiostrongylus cantonensis: a review of its distribution, molecular biology and clinical significance as a human pathogen

et al. 2016

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Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a metastrongyloid nematode found widely in the Asia-Pacific region, and the aetiological agent of angiostrongyliasis; a disease characterized by eosinophilic meningitis. Rattus rats are definitive hosts of A. cantonensis, while intermediate hosts include terrestrial and aquatic molluscs. Humans are dead-end hosts that usually become infected upon ingestion of infected molluscs. A presumptive diagnosis is often made based on clinical features, a history of mollusc consumption, eosinophilic pleocytosis in cerebral spinal fluid, and advanced imaging such as computed tomography. Serological tests are available for angiostrongyliasis, though many tests are still under development. While there is no treatment consensus, therapy often includes a combination of anthelmintics and corticosteroids. Angiostrongyliasis is relatively rare, but is often associated with morbidity and sometimes mortality. Recent reports suggest the parasites' range is increasing, leading to fatalities in regions previously considered Angiostrongylus-free, and sometimes, delayed diagnosis in newly invaded regions. Increased awareness of angiostrongyliasis would facilitate rapid diagnosis and improved clinical outcomes. This paper summarizes knowledge on the parasites' life cycle, clinical aspects and epidemiology. The molecular biology of Angiostrongylus spp. is also discussed. Attention is paid to the significance of angiostrongyliasis in Australia, given the recent severe cases reported from the Sydney region.

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Section: Transcriptomes Proteomes and Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transcriptomes Proteomes and Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: a review of its distribution, molecular biology and clinical significance as a human pathogen

et al. 2016

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“…The peptides (EAQSTSDGASVGSG from EV_LWop, NEQEPKHDNVSTTT from EV_UVop and ATEKTQTSDNA PSA from EV_Bop) were synthesized, coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and used to generate sequence-specific, peptide-affinity purified polyclonal antibodies in mice (Kunming strain) as described by Yu et al (2014). The immunized mice were maintained in the Laboratory Animal Center, Xiamen University, and the studies were conducted adhering to the guidelines for animal husbandry and also approved by…”

Section: Antibody Production and Immunolocalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-location behavior of the tea green leafhopper Empoasca vitis Göthe (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): olfactory and visual effects on their orientation

Zhang

Pengsakul

Tukayo

et al. 2017

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis Göthe, is one of the most serious pests in tea growing areas. This study investigated the roles played by olfaction and vision in host orientation behavior. The compound eye of E. vitis was found to be a photopic eye; few olfactory sensilla were found on the antennae, while abundant gustatory sensilla were recorded on the mouthparts. Three opsin genes (EV_LWop, EV_UVop, EV_Bop) were isolated and found to be mainly expressed in the compound eye compared with other parts of the body. Immunolocalization indicated that the opsins mainly located in the different regions of rhabdom. The transcription levels of EV_LWop, EV_Bop and EV_UVop were reduced by 77.3, 70.0 and 40.0%, respectively, by RNA interference induced by being fed a special RNA-rich diet for 6 days. The rate of tropism to host color was effectively impaired by 67.6 and 29.5% in the dsEV_LWop and dsEV_Bop treatment groups, but there was no significant change in the dsEV_UVop group. The determination of the cause of the tropism indicated that odors from the host over long distances were unable to attract E. vitis and were only detected when the insects were close to the host. The developed compound eye of E. vitis plays a leading role in host location, and the long-wavelength opsin significantly affects the tropism to host color; the lack of olfactory sensilla results in long-distance odors not being able to be detected until the insect is near to the host-plant. The understanding of these behavioral mechanisms, especially the importance of opsin genes is expected to be useful for pest management.

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“…The investigators recommended molecular cloning of the identified antigenic spots for development of accurate serodiagnostic marker [178] . Two members of cathepsin B were immunolocalized in A. cantonensis; AcCathB-1, with a native structure was identified in the adult stages as well as in 1 st and 3 rd larval stages, while the AcCathB-2 is mainly localized in its digestive tract [179] . Functions of both cathepsin B were investigated, and found that both enabled larvae penetrating host small intestine to reach central nervous system [180,181] .…”

Section: • Angiostrongylus Cantonensis: Angiostrongyliasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of cysteine proteinases and cystatins in parasites and use of cysteine proteinase inhibitors in parasitic diseases. Part I: Helminths

Abaza

2018

Parasitologists United Journal

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Cysteine proteinase (CP) is a new era as well as interesting topic in several publications during the last two decades. CPs enable several different biological activities in parasite biology and pathogenesis such as digestion of host proteins for nutrition, invasion through cellular and tissue barriers, processing secondary protein modifications for parasite survival as well as manipulation of the host immune system (immunomodulation). In this regard, CPs, like heat shock proteins, are suggested to be virulence factors and serodiagnostic markers. Therefore, CPs data are utilized as drug targets or vaccine candidates through use of their inhibitors as well as in diagnosis of several parasitic diseases. MEROPS is an on-line database for classification, characterization and structural properties of all identified proteinases and their inhibitors. Parasites express not only proteolytic enzymes for their survival and long persistence, but also inhibitors; cystatins, serpins and aspins to inhibit cysteine, serine and aspartic proteinases, respectively, both of the host and their own. On the other hand, CPs inhibitors (CPIs) are either general, inhibiting members of all classes of proteinases, or specific; inhibiting only one class of proteinases. However, a new classification was adopted in 2007, according to their structure; either with low molecular weight peptidomimetic inhibitors or those composed of one or more peptide chains. In spite of that, the majority of research studies used the old classification, general and specific CPIs. The main objective of the this review is to present updated data for all identified CPs and CYSs expressed in helminths and use of their CPIs as chemotherapeutic drug targets or as protective vaccine candidates. The secondary objective is to simplify, as possible, new approaches for drug and vaccine development as well as accurate diagnostic methods in parasitological researches utilizing the terrible evolution in bioinformatics and technology.

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Immunolocalization and developmental expression patterns of two cathepsin B proteases (AC-cathB-1, -2) of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: a review of its distribution, molecular biology and clinical significance as a human pathogen

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: a review of its distribution, molecular biology and clinical significance as a human pathogen

Host-location behavior of the tea green leafhopper Empoasca vitis Göthe (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): olfactory and visual effects on their orientation

Expression of cysteine proteinases and cystatins in parasites and use of cysteine proteinase inhibitors in parasitic diseases. Part I: Helminths

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