Immunolocalisation of oestrogen receptor beta in human tissues

Taylor, Anthony H.; Al‐Azzawi, Farook

doi:10.1677/jme.0.0240145

Cited by 452 publications

(313 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…12,13 ERa and ERb have different tissue distributions, although with considerable overlap in breast and other organs. ERb is present in most CNS cells, prostate, ovary, connective tissues of many organs and lymphocytes, 14,15 decreasing its diagnostic utility. Modulation of estrogen binding depends on the variable distribution of receptor types and subtypes, their varying avidity for ligands, and a constellation of coactivators and corepressors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen receptor β expression in vascular neoplasia: an analysis of 53 benign and malignant cases

et al. 2004

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The importance of estrogen in vascular neoplasia is suggested by a predilection for women and a tendency for rapid growth during pregnancy. Although early experiments using radioligand assays demonstrated estrogen receptor (ER) expression, these findings were not confirmed by subsequent immunohistochemical studies which were performed with antibodies raised against ERa. A newly discovered estrogen receptor subtype, ERb, has not been previously characterized in vascular lesions. In order to verify the expression of estrogen receptors in vascular neoplasms as well as to clarify the inconsistency between radioligand and early immunohistochemical studies, we examined a series of 53 benign and malignant vascular neoplasms for ERb expression. All of the subtypes of vascular neoplasia examined had nuclear expression of ERb. The majority of cases (94%) displayed 2 þ to 3 þ staining. The discrepancy between radioligand studies and previous immunohistochemical studies is attributable to the use of antibodies raised against ERa, which is not expressed in vascular lesions, and not ERb, which is broadly expressed in both benign and malignant vascular neoplasms. Although ERb may be of limited diagnostic use in vascular neoplasia due to its broad expression, the potential exists for a therapeutic approach using ER agonists. The role of estrogen in vascular neoplasia has long been suspected due to the observation that vascular neoplasms tend to grow rapidly during pregnancy and in adolescence. 1 These clinical observations were initially substantiated by early experiments in the 1980s using radioligand assays, which confirmed the presence of the estrogen receptor (ER) in vascular tumors; 2,3 however, with the advent of immunohistochemical techniques, subsequent studies performed in the 1990s with antibodies raised against the ER refuted these earlier data and it appeared that the newer technology had exposed the limitations of the older biochemical assays. [4][5][6][7] Recently, an additional ER subtype, estrogen receptor beta (ERb), 8 was identified and the previous ER against which the original antibodies were raised was renamed estrogen receptor alpha (ERa). Although ERa has been assessed immunohistochemically in vascular neoplasms and found to be absent, ERb has not been previously characterized in these entities. In order to verify the expression of ER in vascular tumors as well as to clarify the inconsistency between radioligand and early immunohistochemical studies, we examined a series of 53 benign and malignant vascular neoplasms for ERb expression. Materials and methodsIn all, 22 cases of angiosarcoma, three cases of Kaposi sarcoma, one case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, two cases of spindle-cell hemangioma, four cases of infantile hemangioendothelioma, 13 cases of hemangioma, seven cases of lymphangioma and one case of papillary endothelial hyperplasia were identified and retrieved from the paraffin archives of the University of Chicago. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens were cut into 4-mm sections an...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen receptor β expression in vascular neoplasia: an analysis of 53 benign and malignant cases

et al. 2004

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“…The second receptor, ER, has likewise been detected in human breast cancers and may also contribute to hormonal sensitivity and resistance [47][48][49]. The clinical assay of this receptor has not been performed in large series.…”

Section: Expression Of Estrogen Receptor mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogens and their receptors in breast cancer progression: a dual role in cancer proliferation and invasion

Platet

Cathiard

Gleizes

et al. 2004

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology

318

236

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Estrogens play an important role in regulating the growth and differentiation of normal, premalignant and malignant cell types, especially breast epithelial cells, through interaction with two nuclear estrogen receptors (ER and ERIn this review, we present a brief overview of the actions of estrogens in the different steps of breast carcinogenesis, including cancer progression to metastasis, and of their clinical consequences in the prevention, prognosis and treatment of the disease. The requirement of estrogen receptors, mainly of the alpha subtype, in normal mammary gland differentiation and growth has been evidenced by estrogen receptor deficiency in animals. The promotion of breast cancer carcinogenesis by prolonged exposure to estrogens is well-documented and this has logically led to the use of antiestrogens as potentially chemopreventive agents. In breast cancer progression, however, the exact roles of estrogen receptors have been less well established but they may possibly be dual. Estrogens are mitogenic in ER-positive cells and antiestrogens are an efficient adjuvant therapy for these tumors. On the other hand, the fact that estrogens and their receptors protect against cancer cell invasiveness through distinct mechanisms in experimental models may explain why the presence of ER is associated with well-differentiated and less invasive tumors.2

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“…The anti-ER antibody used in all experiments was the alpha subtype since this is the classical form of ER which is predominantly localised to the prostatic stroma, 8,9,22 unlike the more recently discovered subtype, ERb which is found mainly in the prostatic epithelium. 23,24 Materials and methods Prostatic tissues were obtained from six patients who had undergone transurethral prostatic resection for urinary retention. Thorough histopathological examination of these tissues excluded prostatic cancer and confirmed the diagnosis of BPH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of estrogen and androgen receptors modulate expression of FGF-2 and FGF-7 in human, cultured, prostatic stromal cells exposed to high concentrations of estradiol

Smith

Rhodes

et al. 2002

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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This study was performed to develop an experimental model in which expression of estrogen receptors (ER) by human prostatic stromal cells could be reproducibly enhanced relative to similar cells with low ER expression. The second aim was to characterise changes in expression of ER, androgen receptor (AR), FGF-2 and FGF-7 in stromal cells exposed to high and low concentrations of estradiol and testosterone mimicking the different sex hormone levels between young and elderly men. Five strains of human prostatic stromal cells, isolated from BPH resections, were grown in steroid-free medium plus 1 mmol 17b-estradiol. After 10 days, cells were passaged and grown in the same medium without estradiol until confluent. In a second study four cell strains were exposed to high and low concentrations of 17b-estradiol and testosterone for 10 days. Cells were labelled with fluorescent antibodies to ERa, AR, FGF-2 and FGF-7 and the fluorescence intensity measured by flow cytometry. Following exposure to 1 mmol estradiol, stromal cells showed reduced expression of AR and ERa but after passage without estradiol they showed a 25% increase in both receptors over controls. Different combinations of sex hormones induced inconsistent changes with respect to expression of ER, AR and FGFs in the various cell-strains. However, there was a highly significant correlation between AR, ER and FGF-2 and FGF-7, which was cell strain-specific. Thus, changes in sex hormone balance per se may not be solely responsible for the observed increases in prostatic ER levels in BPH. Since expression of ER is correlated with synthesis of FGF-2 and FGF-7, it is likely that increases in stromal ER may mediate the synthesis of stromallyderived growth factors which contribute to the aetiopathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

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Immunolocalisation of oestrogen receptor beta in human tissues

Abstract: Oestrogens exert their actions via specific nuclear protein receptors that are members of the steroid/ thyroid receptor superfamily of transcription factors. Recently, a second oestrogen receptor (ER ) has been cloned, and using reverse transcription

Cited by 452 publications

References 40 publications

Estrogen receptor β expression in vascular neoplasia: an analysis of 53 benign and malignant cases

Estrogen receptor β expression in vascular neoplasia: an analysis of 53 benign and malignant cases

Estrogens and their receptors in breast cancer progression: a dual role in cancer proliferation and invasion

Upregulation of estrogen and androgen receptors modulate expression of FGF-2 and FGF-7 in human, cultured, prostatic stromal cells exposed to high concentrations of estradiol

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