Immunoinformatic design of a putative multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

A novel approach to design chimeric multi epitope vaccine against Leishmania exploiting infected host cell proteome

“…The B-cell epitopes were connected by KK stretch whereas HTL and CTL epitopes were joined by GPGPG and AAY peptide stretches respectively. The sequences are arranged in TLR-agonist, BCE, HTL and CTL from N-terminal to C-terminal respectively so that the sequence result in stable and high yield construct as reported earlier [ 25 ]. The constructed vaccine is evaluated for antigenicity, allergenicity and the similarities with other host protein sequences using antigenic peptide prediction tool, AllerTOP server [ 26 ] for allergenicity and NCBI P-BLAST [ 27 ] for sequence similarity.…”

Targeted protein degradation might present a novel therapeutic approach in the fight against African trypanosomiasis

“…These, together with the impairment of host B-cell memory by trypanosomes ( Radwanska et al, 2008 ), rendered most of the vaccine design efforts unsuccessful. Recently, however, our group reported a putative multiepitope vaccine candidate against T. brucei gambiense designed from a collection of the parasite’s trans-membrane proteins ( Danazumi et al, 2022 ). Additionally, a vaccine candidate from the invariant flagellum antigen of T. vivax has been proven to induce protective immunity in a mouse model of AT ( Autheman et al, 2021 ).…”

Advancement in the Development of DNA Vaccines Against <em>Trypanosoma brucei</em> and Future Perspective

“…This unmethylated CpG-dependent mechanism of stimulation of Blymphocytes and macrophages by parasitic DNA provides the mechanism of innate immune response to control the parasitic infection through the development of a vaccine based on this mechanism [33]. The other genetic-based vaccine includes the genes encoding thiol-specific antioxidants and provides partial protection against T. brucei infection [34].…”

“…The solution for the prevention of T. brucie infection is only the development of a new DNA-based vaccine effective against all different VSGs variants of the parasite. The plasmid encoding ISG (the second most abundant protein on the surface of parasites), and tubulin could be potential candidates for the development of novel vaccines against trypanosomes [34][35] The expression of DNA in cells of the host is limited due to the presence of cellular nucleases that degrade the DNA and decrease the expression of antigens. Therefore, the use of a delivery system not only provides protection from these enzymes but also enhances the immunogenicity of the vaccine and targets professional APCs [36].…”