Immunohistological study of the unexplored vomeronasal organ of an endangered mammal, the dama gazelle (Nanger dama)

Abstract

Dama gazelle is a threatened and rarely studied species found primarily in northern Africa. Human pressure has depleted the dama gazelle population from tens of thousands to a few hundred individuals. Since 1970, a founder population consisting of the last 17 surviving individuals in Western Sahara has been maintained in captivity, reproducing naturally. In preparation for the future implementation of assisted reproductive technology, certain aspects of dama gazelle reproductive biology have been established. However, the role played by semiochemical‐mediated communications in the sexual behavior of dama gazelle remains unknown due partially to a lack of a neuroanatomical or morphofunctional characterization of the dama gazelle vomeronasal organ (VNO), which is the sensory organ responsible for pheromone processing. The present study characterized the dama gazelle VNO, which appears fully equipped to perform neurosensory functions, contributing to current understanding of interspecies VNO variability among ruminants. By employing histological, lectin‐histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques, we conducted a detailed morphofunctional evaluation of the dama gazelle VNO along its entire longitudinal axis. Our findings of significant structural and neurochemical transformation along the entire VNO suggest that future studies of the VNO should take a similar approach. The present study contributes to current understanding of dama gazelle VNO, providing a basis for future studies of semiochemical‐mediated communications and reproductive management in this species.Research Highlights This exhaustive immunohistological study of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of the dama gazelle provides the first evidence of notable differences in the expression of neuronal markers along the rostrocaudal axis of the VNO. This provides a morphological basis for the implementation of pheromones in captive populations of dama gazelle.

Sensory Adaptations: Insights into the Vomeronasal System of the Iberian Wolf

“…The slides were stained using haematoxylin-eosin, Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue, and Gallego's Trichome stains (GTr) (Ortiz-Hidalgo 2011). The staining protocols are explained in detail in Salazar et al (2003) and Torres et al (2023a).…”

In-depth histological, lectin-histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural description of the olfactory rosettes and olfactory bulbs of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

“…SBA (Vector-B1235), which comes from fodder soybean, Glycine max, binds preferentially to oligosaccharide structures with N-acetylgalactosamine and to galactose residues (Franceschini & Ciani, 1991). STL (Vector-B1165), isolated from potato, Solanum tuberosum, binds oligomers of N-acetylglucosamine and some oligosaccharides containing N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid (Torres et al, 2023).…”

Pheromone Sensing in Mammals: A Review of the Vomeronasal System

“…A morphological feature of the VNO in dama gazelles (Figure 25), common to most Ruminantia, is its remarkable length. However, the implications of this trait have only been thoroughly investigated in the dama gazelle, wherein immunohistochemical and lectin-histochemical characteristics of the vomeronasal duct and the vomeronasal nerves were evaluated throughout the VNO entire extent [484]. Beyond this fact, it is significant that in this Antilopinae species, the vomeronasal duct opens into the incisive duct, into which it incorporates its medial side, both sharing the same cartilaginous capsule, which opens into a functional incisive papilla.…”