Immunohistolocalization and Gene Expression of the Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes (CA‐II and CA‐VI) in Glands Associated with the Canine Lacrimal Apparatus

Sugiura, Yosuke; Soeta, Satoshi; Ichihara, Nobutsune; Nishita, Toshiho; Murakami, Masaru; Amasaki, Hajime; Amasaki, Tomoko; Asari, Masao

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2009.00966.x

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In addition, clusters of acinar cells containing lipid granules are present in the periphery of the third eyelid gland, but not in the lacrimal gland. 30,45 The present study showed that both secretory cell types, classified as type T cells and type A cells, had different morphological and morphometrical features of the secretory granules. Furthermore, the secretory granules of the A cell type had a higher concentration of glycocojugates than those of the T cell type, as shown by the staining ability of the PA-TCH-SP-PD procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Morphological and histochemical characterization of the secretory epithelium in the canine lacrimal gland

et al. 2021

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In the present study, the expression of secretory components and vesicular transport proteins in the canine lacrimal gland was examined and morphometric analysis was performed. The secretory epithelium consists of two types of secretory cells with different morphological features. The secretory cells constituting acinar units (type A cells) exhibited higher levels of glycoconjugates, including β-GlcNAc, than the other cell type constituting tubular units (type T cells). Immunoblot analysis revealed that antimicrobial proteins, such as lysozyme, lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase, Rab proteins (Rab3d, Rab27a and Rab27b) and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins (VAMP2, VAMP4, VAMP8, syntaxin-1, syntaxin-4 and syntaxin-6), were expressed at various levels. We immunohistochemically demonstrated that the expression patterns of lysozyme, lactoferrin, Raba27a, Rab27b, VAMP4, VAMP8 and syntaxin-6 differed depending on the secretory cell type. Additionally, in type T cells, VAMP4 was confined to a subpopulation of secretory granules, while VAMP8 was detected in almost all of them. The present study displayed the morphological and histochemical characteristics of the secretory epithelium in the canine lacrimal gland. These findings will help elucidate the species-specific properties of this gland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Morphological and histochemical characterization of the secretory epithelium in the canine lacrimal gland

et al. 2021

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“…No annotation data were generated for cluster 8 (no data). Veterinary Medicine International tarsal gland of dogs [22], but not in TF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Of the 16 proteins identified, the authors confirmed in cats what has been already found in other studies who described the presence of lactotransferrin [41], serum albumin [11,23,43,44], two allergenic lipocalins [45,46], neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) [47], and keratin [41] in other TF studies. ree proteins (carbonic anhydrase II [22], polymeric immunoglobulin receptor [48,49], and phosphoglycerate kinase [50]) have already been described in other structures of the lacrimal system. In addition, seven proteins (C1q/TNF-related secretory protein, three protein kinase family members, apelin receptor, α-1,4 glucan phosphorylase, and WD repeat domain 1) to our knowledge have never been observed in any lacrimal system structure, so they are described here for the first time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tear Film Proteome of Healthy Domestic Cats

Veloso

Guedes

Lacerda

et al. 2021

Veterinary Medicine International

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The aim of this study was to investigate the proteins found in tear film of healthy domestic cats. Schirmer tear test strips were used to collect tear samples of twelve healthy cats, which were mixed, centrifuged, and placed in a single 1.5 mL microtube that was frozen at −20°C, until analysis by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel and mass spectrometry associated with high-performance liquid chromatography. The resulting spectra were analyzed and compared with the Swiss-Prot search tool. Forty peptides were detected in the analyzed protein fragments of 90 spots, with 16 proteins identified. Of these, the authors confirmed what has been already found in other studies: lactotransferrin, serum albumin, allergenic lipocalins, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. Others were considered novel in tear film samples of all species: cyclin-dependent protein kinase, serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein, apelin receptor, secretory protein related to C1q/TNF, Wee1, α-1,4 glucan phosphorylase, and WD repeat domain 1. The network was divided into 11 clusters, and a biological function was assigned. Most of the proteins have functions in the defense and maintenance of feline ocular surface homeostasis. Serum albumin is a bottleneck protein, with a high betweenness value. This paper is a pioneer in reporting, in-depth, the tear film proteome of domestic cats.

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“…Cytosolic CA6 is responsible for electrolyte and water secretion by the acinar cells in both salivary and lacrimal glands. CA6 in the secretory granules, on the other hand, is discharged into the acinar lumen to maintain bicarbonate levels to regulate pH in tear fluid and protect the corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells against injuries [25]. The significant association that we found between anti-CA6 and severe ocular surface staining can be explained either by reduced secretion or by changes in pH of the tear film which make epithelial cells vulnerable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Carbonic anhydrases are responsible for regulation of acid-base balance in both physiological and pathological states [23]. CA6 is the only secretory isoenzyme of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme family expressed by parotid and submandibular glands as well as lacrimal glands [23–25]. Cytosolic CA6 is responsible for electrolyte and water secretion by the acinar cells in both salivary and lacrimal glands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Correlations of Novel Autoantibodies in Patients with Dry Eye

Karakus

Baer²,

Akpek³

2019

Journal of Immunology Research

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Background Diagnostic criteria for Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are continually being updated in pursuit of more precise and earlier diagnosis to prevent its complications. Owing to the high rate of false negative traditional serological markers, the need for better serological testing remains. Objective To investigate the clinical significance of three recently discovered novel autoantibodies, anti-salivary gland protein 1 (SP1), anti-carbonic anhydrase 6 (CA6), and anti-parotid secretory protein (PSP), in a cohort of dry eye patients with suspected underlying inflammatory/autoimmune disease. Methods Medical records of 136 patients with a primary diagnosis of dry eye who underwent laboratory testing between April 2014 and July 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Data regarding demographic information, ocular and systemic symptoms, previous medical diagnoses, serological test results, and minor salivary gland biopsy results were collected. Dry eye evaluations included tear osmolarity, Schirmer test without anesthesia, conjunctival lissamine green staining, and corneal fluorescein staining in the order listed here. Results Of the 136 patients, 9 (9/136, 6.6%) presented with a history of SS, and 9 additional patients (9/127, 7%) received a new diagnosis of SS as a result of evaluations. Fifty-six patients (56/136, 41%) tested positive for at least one of the novel autoantibodies. Fifty-four percent (6/11) of patients with primary SS who underwent the novel serological testing had a positive anti-PSP. Of those, 2 (2/11, 18%) had negative traditional serology and had to undergo minor salivary gland biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Anti-CA6 was associated with increased corneal and conjunctival staining after adjusting for age, sex, and other serologic markers (HR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.20-1.97, and p = 0.009 and HR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.04-1.76, and p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions This cross-sectional study demonstrated that anti-CA6 is seen in patients with severe aqueous-deficient dry eye. Whether these patients have an early stage of SS or a different type of autoimmune condition may be determined through longitudinal studies.

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Immunohistolocalization and Gene Expression of the Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes (CA‐II and CA‐VI) in Glands Associated with the Canine Lacrimal Apparatus

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Morphological and histochemical characterization of the secretory epithelium in the canine lacrimal gland

Morphological and histochemical characterization of the secretory epithelium in the canine lacrimal gland

Tear Film Proteome of Healthy Domestic Cats

Clinical Correlations of Novel Autoantibodies in Patients with Dry Eye

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