Immunohistochemistry of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in spleens of mice treated with gold nanoparticles

Khan, Haseeb A.; Ibrahim, Khalid E.; Al-Rashood, Sara T.; Alamery, Salman; Alrokayan, Salman H.; Al-Harbi, Najla; Al-Mutary, Mohsen Ghaleb; Sobki, Samia H.; Khan, Isra

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.025

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…TNF-α is a substance that appears early in lung inflammation and has an important role in the pathological process of lung injury by stimulating the release of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and IL-8[ 15 ]. IL-6 is involved in early inflammatory response and tissue damage; its expression level is related to the severity and duration of the inflammatory response[ 16 ]. Thus, it is an important indicator of the body’s overall inflammatory and stress responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remimazolam benzenesulfonate anesthesia effectiveness in cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia

Tang¹,

Yi²,

Gong³

et al. 2021

WJCC

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BACKGROUND Sedation with propofol injections is associated with a risk of addiction, but remimazolam benzenesulfonate is a comparable anesthetic with a short elimination half-life and independence from cell P450 enzyme metabolism. Compared to remimazolam, remimazolam benzenesulfonate has a faster effect, is more quickly metabolized, produces inactive metabolites and has weak drug interactions. Thus, remimazolam benzenesulfonate has good effectiveness and safety for diagnostic and operational sedation. AIM To investigate the clinical value of remimazolam benzenesulfonate in cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia. METHODS A total of 80 patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery from August 2020 to April 2021 were included in the study. Using a random number table, patients were divided into two anesthesia induction groups of 40 patients each: remimazolam (0.3 mg/kg remimazolam benzenesulfonate) and propofol (1.5 mg/kg propofol). Hemodynamic parameters, inflammatory stress response indices, respiratory function indices, perioperative indices and adverse reactions in the two groups were monitored over time for comparison. RESULTS At pre-anesthesia induction, the remimazolam and propofol groups did not differ regarding heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index or volume per wave index. After endotracheal intubation and when the sternum was cut off, mean arterial pressure and volume per wave index were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group ( P < 0.05). After endotracheal intubation, the oxygenation index and the respiratory index did not differ between the groups. After endotracheal intubation and when the sternum was cut off, the oxygenation index values were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group ( P < 0.05). Serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels 12 h after surgery were significantly higher than before surgery in both groups ( P < 0.05). The observation indices were re-examined 2 h after surgery, and the epinephrine, cortisol and blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group ( P < 0.05). The recovery and extubation times were significantly lower in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group ( P < 0.05); there were significantly fewer adverse reactions in the remimazolam group (10.00%) than in the propofol group (30.00%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with propofol, remimazolam benzenesulfonate benefited cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia by reducing hemodynamic fluctuations. Remimazolam benzenesulfonate influenced the surgical stress response and respiratory function, thereby reducing anesthesia-related adverse reactions...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remimazolam benzenesulfonate anesthesia effectiveness in cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia

Tang¹,

Yi²,

Gong³

et al. 2021

WJCC

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“…The production of immunostimulant and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β by other seaweed like Ulva intestinalis, Sargassum horneri or Ulva armoricana, has already been described [18,102,103]. Besides, AuNPs and AgNPs from chemical synthesis were also able to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines in rodents [104][105][106]. For that reason, a synergistic effect could be expected on AuNPs and AgNPs synthesized from some seaweed extracts with immunostimulant properties.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 98%

Saccorhiza polyschides used to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles with enhanced antiproliferative and immunostimulant activity

González-Ballesteros

Diego-González

Lastra-Valdor

et al. 2021

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…Another factor that must be considered during the evaluation of AuNPs' biocompatibility is their immunotoxicity, including immunostimulatory and immunosupressive effects (review in [120]). Immunotoxicity assays are commonly performed through immunohistochemistry methods that consist of the detection of a specific antigen-antibody interaction in paraffinised sections of the tissue; i.e., expression of proinflammatory cytokines [121,122]. Beside this, RT-qPCR can be used as a more sensitive assay to evaluate the immunocompatibility by quantification of the mRNA expression level of the interleukines (IL-1β, IL-6) [123].…”

Section: Genotoxicity and Mutagenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Methodologies and Regulations

Kus‐Liśkiewicz

Fickers

Tahar

2021

IJMS

131

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Recent advances in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs), and more specifically gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have led to tremendous expansion of their potential applications in different fields, ranging from healthcare research to microelectronics and food packaging. The properties of functionalised MeNPs can be fine-tuned depending on their final application, and subsequently, these properties can strongly modulate their biological effects. In this review, we will firstly focus on the impact of MeNP characteristics (particularly of gold nanoparticles, AuNPs) such as shape, size, and aggregation on their biological activities. Moreover, we will detail different in vitro and in vivo assays to be performed when cytotoxicity and biocompatibility must be assessed. Due to the complex nature of nanomaterials, conflicting studies have led to different views on their safety, and it is clear that the definition of a standard biosafety label for AuNPs is difficult. In fact, AuNPs’ biocompatibility is strongly affected by the nanoparticles’ intrinsic characteristics, biological target, and methodology employed to evaluate their toxicity. In the last part of this review, the current legislation and requirements established by regulatory authorities, defining the main guidelines and standards to characterise new nanomaterials, will also be discussed, as this aspect has not been reviewed recently. It is clear that the lack of well-established safety regulations based on reliable, robust, and universal methodologies has hampered the development of MeNP applications in the healthcare field. Henceforth, the international community must make an effort to adopt specific and standard protocols for characterisation of these products.

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Immunohistochemistry of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in spleens of mice treated with gold nanoparticles

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Remimazolam benzenesulfonate anesthesia effectiveness in cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia

Remimazolam benzenesulfonate anesthesia effectiveness in cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia

Saccorhiza polyschides used to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles with enhanced antiproliferative and immunostimulant activity

Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Methodologies and Regulations

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