Immunohistochemical study of S-100 protein in the postnatal development of M�ller cells and astrocytes in the rat retina

Abstract

The rat retina was studied by immunohistochemistry with antibody to S-100 protein during the first three postnatal weeks. Immunoreactive astrocytes are first detected subjacent to the inner limiting membrane close to the optic disc. They gradually increase in number and spread toward the ora serrata along the inner surface of the retina as the development proceeds. S-100-immunostained Müller cells are first identified on the 12th postnatal day although their immunoreactivity is much weaker than that of astrocytes at the same stage. This differential intensity of the immunoreactivity of the two cell types facilitates observation of the entire shape of the astrocyte. This characteristic reveals that cellular investments of blood vessels in the inner retina are formed by astrocytic processes whereas those in the outer plexiform layer are derived from processes of Müller cells. The cellular investment becomes complete by the 18th postnatal day.

Enolase and Arrestin are Novel Nonmyelin Autoantigens in Multiple Sclerosis

“…To date, the T-cell response to NNE/NSE in MS patients has not been investigated. S100β is a calcium-binding protein that is expressed predominantly in astrocytes, but can additionally be found in other cells such as Muller cells of the retina (16)(17)(18). This protein has been found in CSF of 13 out of 18 patients with MS, whereas it was undetectable in any of the 11 control patients (19).…”

Differential effects of cysteamine on heat shock protein induction and cytoplasmic granulation in astrocytes and glioma cells

“…Antibodies generated against S-100 are often used to detect astrocytes (Fedoroff and Vernadakis, 1986a) and astrocyte-related cells such as ependymal cells (Cocchia, 1981) and retinal Muller cells (Cocchia et al, 1982(Cocchia et al, , 1983Terenghi et al, 1983;Kondo et al, 1983Kondo et al, , 1984.…”

A longitudinal study on the expression of the opsin gene in the degenerating retina of C3H/He mice.

“…Since the gradient of differentiation in the retina is known to be arranged concentrically with respect to the optic nerve head (BERxow and PATS, 1964;KONDO et al, 1984KONDO et al, , 1988, the present observations were confined to the central portion of the retina in both the control and mutant mice. By P8, all the cell layers observed in the normal adult retina became recognizable and the immunoreactivity for opsin was localized in the outer nuclear layer, without any difference in appearance between the control and C3H retinas.…”