Immunohistochemical study of constitutive neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the central nervous system of goat with natural listeriosis

Shin, Taekyun; Weinstock, Daniel; Castro, Marlene D.; Acland, Helene; Walter, Mark; Kim, Ho; Purchase, H. G.

doi:10.4142/jvs.2000.1.2.77

Cited by 14 publications

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“…In another study, it is stated that eNOS and iNOS expressions increase in consequence of viral diseases and thus trigger apoptosis [2]. The current study draws attention to a serious increase in listerial meningoencephalitis eNOS and iNOS expressions [6,20,24] and also in number of neurons and glial cells that undergo apoptosis in comparison with controls (P ˂ 0.05). These results obtained from the study are interpreted as similar to results of different diseases, which suggests increase of eNOS and iNOS may trigger apoptosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Although eNOS expression and relationship with apoptosis has not been revealed in these studies, it is notified that nNOS and iNOS expressions increase in neurons and astrocytes as a consequence of bacterial meningoencephalitis. It is also reported that this increase progresses symptoms and lesions of illness and could be effective upon listerial meningoencephalitis pathogenesis [6,20,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It is observed that iNOS expression in brains of sheep with listeriosis increases in neurons, glial cells and blood vessels [6,20,24]. Moreover, it is found that eNOS expression seriously increases especially in vessel endotheliums, neurons and glial cells in brains of animals with listeriosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Naturally Infected Sheep Brain with Listeria monocytogenes and Relationship with Cell Death

Karayığıt

2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Nitric oxide is synthesized from L-arginine and catalyzed by a family of NOS. There are three different NOS isoforms: neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS) and endothelial (eNOS). Nitric oxide is an important apoptosis regulator in mammalian system that can induce and prevent apoptosis depending on levels of NO production and environmental conditions of the cell. NOS expression and its relationship with apoptosis has not been well elucidated in listerial meningoencephalitis in sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate eNOS and iNOS expressions in the brain of sheep with natural listeriosis and to compare them with apoptosis which is shaped in the region.Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, formalin fixed and paraffin embedded brainstem tissue from 25 sheep naturally infected with LM were used from archives. Five μm-thick section was taken from each block. Histopathologically, sections were stained with H&E. Five normal sheep brain tissues were used as control. At the end of the study, Histopathologically in brainstem tissue infected with LM, multifocal microabscesses in different sizes mixed with neutrophils and macrophages were detected and perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration and meningitis characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration were found. All sections were also immunohistochemically stained with LM, eNOS and iNOS antibodies. In addition, TUNEL method was used to determine apoptosis in brain tissues. As a result of immunostaining, listeria immunoreactivity was observed in microabscesses. The Listeria antigens were detected mainly in the cytoplasm of the neutrophils and macrophages and located extracellulary in microabscesses. Both eNOS and iNOS immunoreactivity were observed in very few neurons and glial cells in normal control sheep. Neurons and glial cells in brain tissues of infected animals stained with eNOS and iNOS. But, eNOS and iNOS expressions in listeriosis animals more higher than in control and the this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). At the same time, TUNEL immunopositivity was observed mainly in the nuclei of neuron and glial cells and this findings was found to be significantly increased compared to the control group (P < 0.05).Discussion: The pathogenesis of listerial meningoencephalitis depends on many factors and is still a subject of research. NO is a pluripotent regulator of diverse cellular functions. NOS can trigger cellular damage. However, there are studies suggesting that it can prevent oxidative stress. eNOS and iNOS expressions may vary depending on disease and animal species. Increased levels of NO have been reported to induce apoptosis in many diseases. However, there are studies indicating that NO is able to prevent apoptosis according to the isoform in which it is synthesized. eNOS and iNOS have not been reported together expressions and with their relationship apoptosis in sheep brain with listerial meningoencephalitis. This is the first study of eNOS and iNOS expression and and its relation to cell death in sheep brain infected with LM. Our findings are consistent with previous studies suggesting that NO expression is effective on the pathogenesis of some disease in the central nervous system. However, there are studies that do not match the findings of the present study. This suggests that the role of NO synthesis in the pathogenesis of diseases may vary according to the amount of expression, type of disease and tissue, or animal species. In the present study showed that the expression of both eNOS and iNOS with increased TUNEL positive cells was statistically significant in the listeriosis compared the control brain tissue. These results suggests that eNOS and iNOS can be expressed by diverse brain cells in the pathogenesis of listeriosis in sheep. In addition this, synthesis of NO can induce the apoptosis in sheep brain with listerial meningoencephalitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Naturally Infected Sheep Brain with Listeria monocytogenes and Relationship with Cell Death

Karayığıt

2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Their findings suggest that normal caprine brain cells, including neurons, constitutively express iNOS and nNOS, and the expressions of these molecules is increased in Listeria monocytogene infections. Furthermore, inflammatory cells, including macrophages expressing both nNOS and iNOS, may play important roles in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningoencephalitis in goats (Shin et al 2000). However, the overexpression of iNOS during the development and maturation of AD is still unknown (Aliev et al 2008).…”

Section: The Regulatory Role Of No Isoforms In Cerebrovascular Tonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inhibition of NO synthesis by EC leads to increased intracellular OS, which induces neutrophils-EC interactions (Aliev et al 1993(Aliev et al , 2002a and may promote the development and progression of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis (Walsh et al 2008) and ischemia/reperfusion injury . Shin et al (2000) have investigated the expression of both constitutive and inducible forms of NOS in normal and Listeria monocytogenes-infected brains of goats. Their findings suggest that normal caprine brain cells, including neurons, constitutively express iNOS and nNOS, and the expressions of these molecules is increased in Listeria monocytogene infections.…”

Section: The Regulatory Role Of No Isoforms In Cerebrovascular Tonementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Oxide as an Initiator of Brain Lesions During the Development of Alzheimer Disease

et al. 2009

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Nitric oxide (NO) is an important regulatory molecule for the host defense that plays a fundamental role in the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. NO is synthesized through the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS), which is found in three isoforms classified as neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial (eNOS). Recent evidence supports the theory that this bioactive molecule has an influential role in the disruption of normal brain and vascular homeostasis, a condition known to elucidate chronic hypoperfusion which ultimately causes the development of brain lesions and the pathology that typify Alzheimer disease (AD). In addition, vascular NO activity appears to be a major contributor to this pathology before any overexpression of NOS isoforms is observed in the neuron, glia, and microglia of the brain tree, where the overexpression the NOS isoforms causes the formation of a large amount of NO. We hypothesize that since an imbalance between the NOS isoforms and endothelin-1 (ET-1), a human gene that encodes for blood vessel constriction, can cause antioxidant system insufficiency; by using pharmacological intervention with NO donors and/or NO suppressors, the brain lesions and the downstream progression of brain pathology and dementia in AD should be delayed or minimized.

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Listeria

Czuprynski¹

2004

Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals

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Immunohistochemical study of constitutive neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the central nervous system of goat with natural listeriosis

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Naturally Infected Sheep Brain with Listeria monocytogenes and Relationship with Cell Death

Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Naturally Infected Sheep Brain with Listeria monocytogenes and Relationship with Cell Death

Nitric Oxide as an Initiator of Brain Lesions During the Development of Alzheimer Disease

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