Immunohistochemical studies of codeine medication on the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum of adult Wistar rats

Archibong, Victor Bassey; Ekanem, Theresa B.; Igiri, Anozeng Oyono; Lemuel, Ann Monima; Usman, Ibe Michael; Okesina, Akeem Ayodeji; Obosi, Nsisong J.

doi:10.1080/2331205x.2020.1824390

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Klein’s semi-qualitative immune-reactive scoring approach was adopted as outlined by Fedchenko and Reifenrath 36 and Archibong et al 37 and slightly modified for the sake of this study. In brief, the scoring was established by scoring each sample twice by two independent pathologists who were both blinded to the experimental grouping to reduce possible bias.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobehavioral and Immunohistochemical Studies of the Cerebral Cortex Following Treatment with Ethyl Acetate Leaf Fraction of Tamarindus indica During Prenatal Aluminum Chloride Exposure in Wistar Rats

Usman¹,

Adebisi²,

Musa³

et al. 2022

JEP

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The recent increase in aluminum exposure and its effect on the development of the brain call for serious attention. The study investigated the behavioral and immunohistochemical changes in the cerebral cortex of Wistar rats following prenatal coadministration of ethyl acetate leaf fraction of Tamarindus indica (EATI) and aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ). Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n=4). Group I (negative control), Group II-V were experimental groups treated with 200 mg/kg of AlCl 3 s/c. Group III and IV received an additional 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of EATI respectively, while Group V received an additional 300 mg/kg of Vitamin E for 14 days (prenatal days 7-21) via the oral route. The pups were then exposed to cliff avoidance, negative geotaxis, and elevated plus maze (EPM) test on the post-natal day (PoND) 4-6, 7-10, and 18 respectively. On PoND 21 pups were sacrificed, and the skull dissected to remove the brain. The harvested brain tissues were processed for Cresyl fast (CF) and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). Results:The study showed that EATI administration during AlCl 3 exposure was associated with significant improvement in sensorymotor development. The EPM, CF, and GFAP results revealed significant improvement in anxiety-like behavior, motor activities, GFAP expression, pyramidal cell count, and Nissl staining following prenatal EATI administration during AlCl 3 exposure. Conclusion:The present study concludes that EATI was associated with some protective potential during prenatal AlCl 3 exposure in Wistar rats.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobehavioral and Immunohistochemical Studies of the Cerebral Cortex Following Treatment with Ethyl Acetate Leaf Fraction of Tamarindus indica During Prenatal Aluminum Chloride Exposure in Wistar Rats

Usman¹,

Adebisi²,

Musa³

et al. 2022

JEP

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“…The various doses were as used in our previous study. 11 The experimental animals were subjected to beam walk and open field tests during the experiment. At the end of the study period, animals were anesthetized with ketamine-hydrochloride intraperitoneally.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Codeine Administration Causes Degeneration of Myelinated Axons and Motor Dysfunction in Wistar Rats

Archibong¹,

Usman²,

Lemuel³

2022

SAR

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Purpose Over-the-counter (OTC) anti-cough medications which contain codeine (an opioid) are extensively available in Nigeria, and hence prone to overuse or abuse. The study aimed to understand the effects of oral codeine administration on the integrity of neurons of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum and its behavioral implications in male Wistar rats. Methods Thirty adult male Wistar rats of comparable weights were obtained and randomly allocated into 5 groups: A, B, C, D, and E (n = 6). Drugs used for the study were Archilin TM with codeine and dihydrocodeine 30mg. Group A served as control and was administered 0.5mL/kg of normal saline. Groups B and C were treated with 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg of dihydrocodeine, respectively; Group D and E received 2mL/kg and 4mL/kg of Archilin TM codeine syrup, respectively. The Archilin TM codeine syrup and dihydrocodeine solutions were administered to the animals based on their body weight, orally and daily with the aid of oropharyngeal tubes for 21 days. The experimental animals were subjected to neurobehavioral studies using beam walk and open field. At the end of the treatment period, the animals were anesthetized with ketamine-hydrochloride intraperitoneally. The brains were quickly dissected out, rinsed with normal saline, and tissue processed for myelin studies. Results The beam walking and open field result revealed that prolonged codeine administration interfered with motor function in the experimental animals. Sections of the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum of rats given normal saline showed normal myelin sheaths, whereas animals in the treatment group showed degenerating myelin compared to the control. Conclusion Prolonged consumption of prescription codeine causes degeneration of the myelin sheaths and this may affect the conduction of electrical impulses in myelinated axons thus resulting in motor function insufficiency.

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“…The sections were finally developed with 0.05% diaminobenzidine, followed by counterstaining with hematoxylin before mounting [27]. Klein's semiqualitative immune-reactive scoring approach was adopted as outlined by Fedchenko and Reifenrath (2014) [28] and Archibong et al (2020) [29] and slightly modified for the sake of this study. In brief, the scoring was established by scoring each sample twice by two independent pathologist.…”

Section: Wwwacbjournalorgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tamarindus indica ameliorates behavioral and cytoarchitectural changes in the cerebellar cortex following prenatal aluminum chloride exposure in Wistar rats

et al. 2022

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Aluminium exposure has been linked with developmental neurotoxicity in humans and experimental animals. The study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Tamarindus indica on the developing cerebellar cortex, neurobehavior, and immunohistochemistry of the cerebellar cortex following prenatal aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) exposure. Pregnant timed Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n=4). Group I (negative control) was given distilled water, group II was treated with 200 mg/kg of AlCl 3 , group III were given 200 mg/kg of AlCl 3 and 400 mg/kg of ethyl acetate leaf fraction of Tamarindus indica (EATI), group IV were given 200 mg/kg of AlCl 3 and 800 mg/kg of EATI, and group V were treated with 200 mg/kg of AlCl 3 s/c and 300 mg/kg of vitamin E for 14 days (prenatal day 7-21) via the oral route. Male pups (n=6) were randomly selected and taken for neurobehavioral studies, and humanely sacrificed via intraperitoneal injection of thiopental sodium. The cerebellum was removed, fixed and tissue processed for histological and immunohistochemical studies. The results revealed that prenatal AlCl 3 exposure impacted neurodevelopment and neurobehaviour among exposed pups. Prenatal AlCl 3 exposure was marked with delayed cytoarchitectural development of the cerebellar cortex and increased GFAP expression in the cerebellar cortex. On the other hand, treatment with EATI and vitamin E were marked with significant improvements. The present study therefore concluded treatment with EATI shows an ameliorative effect to prenatal AlCl 3 exposure.

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Immunohistochemical studies of codeine medication on the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum of adult Wistar rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Neurobehavioral and Immunohistochemical Studies of the Cerebral Cortex Following Treatment with Ethyl Acetate Leaf Fraction of Tamarindus indica During Prenatal Aluminum Chloride Exposure in Wistar Rats

Neurobehavioral and Immunohistochemical Studies of the Cerebral Cortex Following Treatment with Ethyl Acetate Leaf Fraction of Tamarindus indica During Prenatal Aluminum Chloride Exposure in Wistar Rats

Prolonged Codeine Administration Causes Degeneration of Myelinated Axons and Motor Dysfunction in Wistar Rats

Tamarindus indica ameliorates behavioral and cytoarchitectural changes in the cerebellar cortex following prenatal aluminum chloride exposure in Wistar rats

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