Immunohistochemical markers in the differentiation of thymic and pulmonary neoplasms

Pomplun, Sabine; Wotherspoon, Andrew; Shah, Ganesh; Goldstraw, Peter; Ladas, George; Nicholson, A.G.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.01328.x

Cited by 71 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Previous studies reported CD5-positive rates of 50-100%, 9,8,11,33 however, our study shows the lower CD5-positive rate (33%). This would be explained by a smaller tissue of tissue microarray.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…It is sometimes difficult to make the differential diagnosis between thymoma type B3 and thymic carcinoma histologically, especially when the biopsy specimen is small. Although immunoreactivity for CD5 and c-kit has been reported as a useful marker for primary thymic carcinoma, but not for thymoma, the positive rate of CD5 and c-kit has been reported to be limited to over 50%; [3][4][5][6][7] and as not all neoplastic cells in thymic carcinomas stain positive for these markers, [8][9][10][11] it will be necessary to identify other diagnostic markers to make the differential diagnosis more reliable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis between thymic carcinoma and type B3 thymoma: diagnostic utility of hypoxic marker, GLUT-1, in thymic epithelial neoplasms

et al. 2009

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There are only a few immunohistochemical markers that are useful for differentiating thymic carcinomas from type B3 thymomas. The purpose of this study is to examine the additional markers that would be useful for differentiating between thymic carcinoma and thymoma type B3. We performed a tissue microarray analysis of surgically resected thymic tumor specimens from12 cases of thymic carcinoma, 7 cases of type B3 thymoma, and 68 cases of other types of thymoma. Immunostaining using 49 antibodies was scored based on staining intensity and the percentage of cells that stained positive. Seven proteins that were selected by the staining scores, namely, GLUT-1 (167 vs 4), CA-IX (110 vs 15), c-kit (162 vs 44), CD5 (33 vs 0), MUC-1 (54 vs 0), CEA (42 vs 0), and CK18 (110 vs 42), were significantly higher in the thymic carcinomas than in the type B3 thymomas. The staining sensitivity and specificity of the antibodies for thymic carcinoma were GLUT-1, sensitivity 72% and specificity 100%; CA-IX, 58 and 71%; c-kit, 72 and 85%; CD5, 33 and 100%; CK18, 58 and 71%; MUC-1, 25 and 100%; and CEA, 33 and 100%. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) is the best marker for thymic carcinoma because it had the highest sensitivity and specificity. Positive immunostaining for a combination of three markers, namely, GLUT-1, CD5, and CEA, enabled differentiation of thymic carcinoma with 91.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In conclusion, we identified GLUT-1 as an additional marker that will be useful for differentiating thymic carcinoma from type B3 thymoma, especially in biopsy specimens that have been crushed or are otherwise difficult to examine morphologically in thymic tumors.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

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confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis between thymic carcinoma and type B3 thymoma: diagnostic utility of hypoxic marker, GLUT-1, in thymic epithelial neoplasms

et al. 2009

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“…Previously, the association of presumed antigenpresenting cells, which are immunohistochemically positive for CD1a and S100 protein, in thymic neoplasms was investigated (8)(9)(10). However, it was subsequently established that CD1a and S100 protein are not specific markers for antigenpresenting cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fascin expression in dendritic cells and tumor epithelium in thymoma and thymic carcinoma

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The majority of thymomas are histologically characterized by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Mature dendritic cells (DCs) are known to assemble lymphocytes through antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. Fascin, a 55-kDa actin-binding protein and a known marker for mature DCs, regulates filaments necessary for the formation of filopodia in cell migration. Moreover, fascin expression in various epithelial neoplasms has recently been reported to be associated with invasion of tumor cells and clinically aggressive manifestations. In the present study, we investigated fascin expression immunohistochemically in tissues of thymomas and thymic carcinomas surgically resected at our institute. A total of 34 thymomas and 5 thymic carcinomas were included. The amount and immunohistochemical intensity of both fascin + DCs and tumor epithelium were counted and assessed, and the clinicopathological data were also scored. Statistical analyses revealed that the amount of fascin + DCs with the formation of clusters was associated with lymphocyte-rich variants (p=0.002) and cortical differentiation (p=0.037) of thymoma with complication from myasthenia gravis (p=0.002). The quantity of fascin + epithelium was associated with a strong intensity of fascin in infiltrating DCs (p=0.002) with the formation of clusters (p=0.002) and favorable prognosis, as assessed by the Masaoka staging system (p=0.001). The amount of infiltrating DCs (p=0.024) and fascin + epithelium were lower in thymic carcinoma. It was concluded that fascin + epithelium may induce tumor immunity through the surveillance activity of fascin + DCs in thymic neoplasms, thus improving prognosis.

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“…Immunohistochemistry (IHC) may be helpful in select cases. Thymic carcinoma (non-NEC types) may express CD5 and/or CD117 (c-kit), markers that are not typically seen in carcinomas of the lung [16,17]. TTF-1 may be helpful in distinguishing NEC of pulmonary origin [1].…”

Section: Other (Specify)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ii. Excluding other potential primary sites of origin from thymic carcinoma[16][17][18]. Although best done clinically, the exclusion of metastatic carcinoma to the mediastinum may be facilitated by the use of immunohistochemical stains for CD5 and c-KIT (CD117).…”

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confidence: 99%

Recommendations for the reporting of surgically resected thymic epithelial tumors

2009

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Immunohistochemical markers in the differentiation of thymic and pulmonary neoplasms

Abstract: Staining for TTF-1, CD5 and CD1a have potential use in distinguishing between pulmonary and thymic neoplasms.

Cited by 71 publications

References 30 publications

Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis between thymic carcinoma and type B3 thymoma: diagnostic utility of hypoxic marker, GLUT-1, in thymic epithelial neoplasms

Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis between thymic carcinoma and type B3 thymoma: diagnostic utility of hypoxic marker, GLUT-1, in thymic epithelial neoplasms

Fascin expression in dendritic cells and tumor epithelium in thymoma and thymic carcinoma

Recommendations for the reporting of surgically resected thymic epithelial tumors

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