Immunohistochemical Mapping of Sensory Nerve Endings in the Human Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex

Rein, Susanne; Semisch, Manuel; García-Elias, Marc; Lluch, Àlex; Hagert, Elisabet

doi:10.1055/s-0035-1567917

Cited by 10 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…With regard to general distribution of sensory nerve endings, free nerve endings were the predominant receptor type, which is in accordance with the literature. Studies investigating ankle ligaments (Rein et al ) and the triangular fibrocartilage complex (Rein et al ) also report free nerve endings as the predominant receptor. This indicates that nociception has great importance in forearm rotation, axial forearm loading and weight lifting, reacting to harmful inflammatory, mechanical or chemical stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The innervation of periarticular structures is characterized by specific sensory nerve endings, which have been studied extensively in the wrist (Hagert et al ; Hagert et al ; Rein et al ), as well as in the finger joints (Chikenji et al ), elbow (Petrie et al ; Kholinne et al ; Kholinne et al ), and shoulder joints (Morisawa, ) of the upper extremity. Recent studies have shown that the combination of the immunohistochemical marker of S100 protein (S100), low‐affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75) and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) allows a precise differentiation of specific neural and perineural structures in sensory nerve endings (Hagert et al ; Rein et al ; Rein et al ). Immunofluorescence techniques allow simultaneous presentations of different entities (Lee et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunofluorescence analysis of sensory nerve endings in the interosseous membrane of the forearm

et al. 2019

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The human interosseous membrane (IOM) is a fundamental stabilizer during forearm rotation. To investigate the dynamic aspects of forearm stability, we analyzed sensory nerve endings in the IOM. The distal oblique bundle (DOB), the distal accessory band (DAB), the central band (CB), the proximal accessory band (PAB), the dorsal oblique accessory cord (DOAC) and the proximal oblique cord (POC) were dissected from 11 human cadaver forearms. Sensory nerve endings were analyzed at two levels per specimen as total cell amount/mm 2 after immunofluorescence staining with low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75, protein gene product 9.5, S-100 protein and 4 0 , 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole on an Apotome microscope, according to Freeman and Wyke's classification. Sensory nerve endings were significantly more commonly found to be equally distributed throughout the structures, rather than being epifascicular, interstitial, or close to the insertion into bone (P ≤ 0.001, respectively). Free nerve endings were the predominant mechanoreceptor in all six structures, with highest density in the DOB, followed by the POC (P ≤ 0.0001, respectively). The DOB had the highest density of Pacini corpuscles. The DOAC and CB had the lowest amounts of sensory innervation. The high density of sensory corpuscles in the DOB, PAB and POC indicate that proprioceptive control of the compressive and directional muscular forces acting on the distal and proximal radioulnar joints is monitored by the DOB, PAB and POC, respectively, due to their closed proximity to both joints, whereas the central parts of the IOM act as structures of passive restraint.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunofluorescence analysis of sensory nerve endings in the interosseous membrane of the forearm

et al. 2019

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“…The location and size of the nerve bundles were documented and any nerve endings present were classified (Rein et al. , ; Stecco et al. ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurovascular structures of the ligament of the head of femur

2019

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The ligament of the head of femur (LHF), or ligamentum teres, is believed to provide blood supply to the head of femur and mechanical stability to the hip joint. But these functions in the adult are often debated. The existence and distribution of neurovascular structures within the ligament are not widely documented. This study examined the blood vessels and nervous tissue within the LHF to determine whether the ligament may have a vascular and proprioceptive function at the hip joint. Histological sections from the LHF from 10 embalmed hips (six female, four male; mean age 80.4 ± 8.7 years) were cut at three levels: the foveal attachment, mid‐length and its base where it attaches to the transverse acetabular ligament. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin to study general tissue architecture or with von Willebrand factor and neurofilament to identify blood vessels and nervous tissue, respectively. The proportion of the ligament's cross‐sectional area occupied by blood vessels was expressed as a vascularity index (VI). Nerve endings within the ligament were identified and morphologically classified. Comparisons between the VI at the three levels, or between the tissue layers of the ligament, were made using 95% confidence intervals; statistical significance was set P < 0.05. The ligament tissue comprised three distinct layers: a synovial lining with cuboidal cells, a sub‐synovial zone formed of loose connective tissue and the ligament proper composed of dense collagen bundles. Patent blood vessels and nerve fibres were present both in the sub‐synovial zone and the ligament proper; Pacinian corpuscles and free nerve endings were found scattered only in the sub‐synovial zone. The VI of the ligament proper at the fovea was significantly higher than its middle (P = 0.01) and basal levels (P = 0.04); it was also higher than that of the sub‐synovial layer (P = 0.04). The LHF has three histologically distinct zones, and blood vessels and nerves are distributed both in the sub‐synovial layer and ligament proper. Higher vascularity within the ligament proper at its foveal insertion suggests a possible nutritive role of the LHF to the adult head of femur. The presence of nerves and nerve receptors indicates the ligament is involved in the perception of pain and proprioception, thereby contributing to mechanical stability of the joint.

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“…Additionally, orthopaedic surgeons should cooperate and consult with physical therapists to better understand the nonoperative treatment options for TFCC such as immobilization or proprioception training [5]. We also need to better understand the pathologies and consequences of the ulnar-plus variance as well as degenerative and traumatic tears.…”

Section: How Do We Get There?mentioning

confidence: 99%

CORR Insights®: What is the Natural History of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tear Without Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability?

Huber

2019

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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Immunohistochemical Mapping of Sensory Nerve Endings in the Human Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Immunofluorescence analysis of sensory nerve endings in the interosseous membrane of the forearm

Immunofluorescence analysis of sensory nerve endings in the interosseous membrane of the forearm

Neurovascular structures of the ligament of the head of femur

CORR Insights®: What is the Natural History of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tear Without Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability?

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