Immunohistochemical localization of TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3 in normal and malignant human prostate

Perry, Kent T.; Anthony, Catherine T.; Steiner, Mitchell S.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0045(19971001)33:2<133::aid-pros7>3.0.co;2-l

Cited by 57 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…TGF-b1 is a pluralistic factor that can inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, promote angiogenesis and suppress immunity, all of which can enhance tumour development, progression and invasiveness. [41][42][43][44][45][46] Therefore, our findings indicate TGF-b1 as another possible factor involved in zonal differences. IGF-1 stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis [47][48][49][50] and has also been reported as a potent angiogenic factor.…”

Section: Differential Effects Of Pzsc and Tzsc On Pc3 Cellsmentioning

confidence: 51%

The differential effects of prostate stromal cells derived from different zones on prostate cancer epithelial cells under the action of sex hormones

Jiang

Han²,

Zhao³

et al. 2011

Asian J Androl

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It is well known that prostate cancer (PCa) occurs predominantly in the peripheral zone (PZ), whereas benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) typically develops in the transition zone. To identify possible mechanisms underlying zonal differences, we compared the effects of prostate stromal cells derived from the peripheral zone (PZsc) and the transition zone (TZsc) on a PCa epithelial cell line (PC3) in the presence of sex hormones. First, we observed that androgen receptor (AR) mRNA was more highly expressed in PZsc than TZsc when the cells were treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and b-oestradiol (E2) (P,0.05). By ELISA, we looked for differences in the secretion of peptide growth factors from PZsc and TZsc. We found that keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) secretion increased with increasing concentrations of DHT (P,0.01) and was higher in PZsc than TZsc. Under treatment with DHT plus E2, PZsc secreted more transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1) than TZsc, but this pattern was reversed when the cells were treated with E2 only. With increasing concentrations of DHT, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) secretion increased in PZsc but decreased in TZsc. To further characterize the effects of PZsc and TZsc on PC3 cells, we developed a coculture model and performed MTT assays, Western blot analysis and real-time RT-PCR. We found that PZsc promoted PC3 cell proliferation and progression better than TZsc, particularly when treated with 10 nmol l 21 DHT plus 10 nmol l 21 E2. In conclusion, our data suggest that PZsc may have a greater capacity to induce PCa development and progression than TZsc via growth factors regulated by sex hormones. These findings provide possible mechanisms underlying zonal differences in prostate diseases, which may aid the search for novel therapeutic targets for PCa.

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Section: Differential Effects Of Pzsc and Tzsc On Pc3 Cellsmentioning

confidence: 51%

The differential effects of prostate stromal cells derived from different zones on prostate cancer epithelial cells under the action of sex hormones

Jiang

Han²,

Zhao³

et al. 2011

Asian J Androl

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“…High levels of circulating IGF1 are associated with prostate cancer risk (50 -54). Levels of TGF␤ are higher in prostate carcinoma cells than either the surrounding stromal cells or their normal prostatic epithelial counterparts (55). TGF␤ has been shown to promote EMT and tumor invasion (56).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen Receptor Splice Variant AR3 Promotes Prostate Cancer via Modulating Expression of Autocrine/Paracrine Factors

Sun

Chen

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: AR splice variants may play a critical role in prostate cancer. Results: AR3 modulates expression of tumor-promoting growth factors and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Conclusion: AR3 promotes prostate cancer by modulating multiple tumor-associated autocrine/paracrine factors. Significance: Our findings provide new insights into mechanisms by which AR3 contributes to prostate cancer despite its heterogeneous expression pattern.

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“…TGFB has mainly an inhibitory role in the normal prostate, as well as in BPH (37), controlling proliferation and inducing apoptosis in epithelial cells (38)(39)(40)(41). In prostatic neoplasia, TGFB levels increase (42,43), a finding that is associated with tumor development and progression (43,44), because the diverse biological activities of TGFB are exploited by cancer cells. Since TGFB promotes angiogenesis (45), it allows new vessels to bring nutrients and oxygen to tumor cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression analysis of peptide growth factors VEGF, FGF2, TGFB1, EGF and IGF1 in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia

Soulitzis

Karyotis²,

Delakas³

et al. 2006

Int J Oncol

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Abstract. Peptide growth factors play an important role in several intracellular processes, such as cellular growth and differentiation, angiogenesis and apoptosis, as well as in carcinogenesis, since they contribute significantly to the malignant transformation. The prostate gland is abundant in growth factors. The two most known prostatic diseases, prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), are among the most common diseases that affect elderly men. This study was conducted using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR method in order to determine mRNA expression levels of peptide growth factors VEGF, FGF2, TGFB1, EGF, and IGF1 in tissue specimens from 42 patients with PCa, 42 with BPH, and 10 normal prostate samples obtained post-mortem from young individuals, in order to examine their association with prostatic hyperplasia and neoplasia. Our results show that in PCa, growth factors VEGF, EGF and FGF2 are overexpressed, while TGFB1 and IGF1 have reduced mRNA levels. In BPH, transcript levels of FGF2 and EGF are normal, while VEGF, TGFB1 and IGF1 exhibit downregulation. Further statistical analysis revealed that PCa patients with high levels of PSA blood levels have decreased FGF2 expression (p=0.016). Additionally, cancer patients with low Gleason score (<7) have increased EGF (p=0.035) and IGF1 (p=0.031) mRNA levels. IGF1 levels are also elevated in tumors with TNM stages T1-T2 (p=0.030). In BPH, older patients have reduced EGF expression (p=0.018), while IGF1 is overexpressed in younger patients (p=0.041). Additionally, the coexpression pattern of the five studied growth factors differs significantly among normal, benign and malignant prostate. These results implicate VEGF, FGF2, TGFB1, EGF and IGF1 in the development of both PCa and BPH, rendering them potential targets for disease detection, monitoring and therapy.

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Immunohistochemical localization of TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3 in normal and malignant human prostate

Cited by 57 publications

References 18 publications

The differential effects of prostate stromal cells derived from different zones on prostate cancer epithelial cells under the action of sex hormones

The differential effects of prostate stromal cells derived from different zones on prostate cancer epithelial cells under the action of sex hormones

Androgen Receptor Splice Variant AR3 Promotes Prostate Cancer via Modulating Expression of Autocrine/Paracrine Factors

Expression analysis of peptide growth factors VEGF, FGF2, TGFB1, EGF and IGF1 in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia

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