Immunohistochemical Localization of NMDA- and AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptor Subunits in the Basal Ganglia of Red-Eared Turtles

Fowler, Michael; Medina, Loreta; Reiner, Anton

doi:10.1159/000006628

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The ENa neurons are glutamatergic (Fowler et al, 1999) and project to dorsal pallidum and SNr (Brauth et al, 1978;Brauth and Kitt, 1980), thus resembling the mammalian STN and avian ALa (Albin et al, 1989a,b;DeLong, 1990;Kitai and Kita, 1987;Smith and Parent, 1988;Smith et al, 1994;Shink et al, 1996). Additionally, dorsal pallidal neurons in reptiles possess AMPA-type glutamate receptors, as in birds and mammals, consistent with a glutamatergic input from ENa to dorsal pallidum (Bernard et al, 1996;Götz et al, 1997;Fowler et al, 1999). Finally, the topographic location of ENa at the border of the hypothalamus and its apparent segmental location in prosomere 4 closely resembles that of avian ALa and mammalian STN (Puelles and Medina, 1994).…”

Section: Evolutionary Implications: Reptilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Anterior Nucleus of the Ansa Lenticularis in Birds as the Homolog of the Mammalian Subthalamic Nucleus

et al. 2000

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In mammals, the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a glutamatergic diencephalic cell group that develops in the caudal hypothalamus and migrates to a position above the cerebral peduncle. By its input from the external pallidal segment and projection to the internal pallidal segment, STN plays a critical role in basal ganglia functions. Although the basal ganglia in birds is well developed, possesses the same major neuron types as in mammals, and plays a role in movement control similar to that in mammals, it has been uncertain whether birds possess an STN. We report here evidence indicating that the so-called anterior nucleus of the ansa lenticularis (ALa) is the avian homolog of mammalian STN. First, the avian ALa too develops within the mammillary hypothalamic area and migrates to a position adjacent to the cerebral peduncle. Second, ALa specifically receives input from dorsal pallidal neurons that receive input from enkephalinergic striatal neurons, as is true of STN. Third, ALa projects back to avian dorsal pallidum, as also the case for STN in mammals. Fourth, the neurons of ALa contain glutamate, and the target neurons of ALa in dorsal pallidum possess AMPA-type glutamate receptor profiles resembling those of mammalian pallidal neurons. Fifth, unilateral lesions of ALa yield behavioral disturbances and movement asymmetries resembling those observed in mammals after STN lesions. These various findings indicate that ALa is the avian STN, and they suggest that the output circuitry of the basal ganglia for motor control is similar in birds and mammals.

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Section: Evolutionary Implications: Reptilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Anterior Nucleus of the Ansa Lenticularis in Birds as the Homolog of the Mammalian Subthalamic Nucleus

et al. 2000

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“…The pallidum of birds and mammals also receives major glutamatergic input, in this case from the subthalamic nucleus [Kitai and Kita, 1987;Smith and Parent, 1988;Albin et al, 1989;Reiner et al, 1998b;Jiao et al, 2000], and to a lesser extent from the cerebral cortex [Naito and Kita, 1994;Veenman et al, 1995b]. Consistent with these glutamatergic inputs, neurons in both the striatum and pallidum in mammals, birds and reptiles are rich in glutamate receptors [Chen et al, 1996;Götz et al, 1997;Fowler et al, 1999;Wada et al, 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The basal ganglia in mammals, birds and reptiles receives a prominent glutamatergic input from the cerebral cortex (or the equivalent pallial regions in the case of birds and reptiles), and from the thalamus [Nottebohm et al, 1976;Goldman-Rakic and Selemon, 1986;Wild, 1987;Albin et al, 1989;Veenman et al, 1995aVeenman et al, , b, 1997Veenman and Reiner, 1996;Csillag et al, 1997;Reiner et al, 1998a;Fowler et al, 1999;Jiao et al, 2000]. Corticostriatal and thalamostriatal terminals are known to make excitatory asymmetric synaptic contacts with the spines of striatal projection neurons in mammals and birds [Wilson, 1993;Veenman et al, 1995a;Veenman and Reiner, 1996;Csillag et al, 1997].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Localization of AMPA Type Glutamate Receptor Subunits in the Basal Ganglia of Pigeons <i>(Columba livia)</i>

et al. 2005

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Corticostriatal and thalamostriatal projections utilize glutamate as a neurotransmitter in mammals and birds. The influence on striatum is mediated, in part, by ionotropic AMPA-type glutamate receptors, which are heteromers composed of GluR1–4 subunits. Although the cellular localization of AMPA-type subunits has been well characterized in mammalian basal ganglia, their localization in avian basal ganglia has not. We thus carried out light microscopic single- and double-label and electron microscopic single-label immunohistochemical studies of GluR1–4 distribution and cellular localization in pigeon basal ganglia. Single-label studies showed that the striatal neuropil is rich in GluR1, GluR2, and GluR2/3 immunolabeling, suggesting the localization of GluR1, GluR2 and/or GluR3 to the dendrites and spines of striatal projection neurons. Double-label studies and perikaryal size distribution determined from single-label material indicated that about 25% of enkephalinergic and 25% of substance P-containing striatal projection neuron perikarya contained GluR1, whereas GluR2 was present in about 75% of enkephalinergic neurons and all substance-P -containing neurons. The perikaryal size distribution for GluR2 compared to GluR2/3 suggested that enkephalinergic neurons might more commonly contain GluR3 than do substance P neurons. Parvalbuminergic and calretininergic striatal interneurons were rich in GluR1 and GluR4, a few cholinergic striatal interneurons possessed GluR2, but somatostatinergic striatal interneurons were devoid of all subunits. The projection neurons of globus pallidus all possessed GluR1, GluR2, GluR2/3 and GluR4 immunolabeling. Ultrastructural analysis of striatum revealed that GluR1 was preferentially localized to dendritic spines, whereas GluR2/3 was found in spines, dendrites, and perikarya. GluR2/3-rich spines were generally larger than GluR1 spines and more frequently possessed perforated post-synaptic densities. These results show that the diverse basal ganglia neuron types each display different combinations of AMPA subunit localization that shape their responses to excitatory input. For striatal projection neurons and parvalbuminergic interneurons, the combinations resemble those for the corresponding cell types in mammals, and thus their AMPA responses to glutamate are likely to be similar.

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“…Much of the work on non-mammalian neurotransmitter systems has focused on using immunohistochemistry or other neuroanatomical techniques to describe the distributions of various systems and to compare them with the neuroanatomy of mammalian systems [Northcutt, 1978;Northcutt and Braford, 1980;Smeets et al, 1986Smeets et al, , 1987Smeets, 1988;Ekstrom and Ebbesson, 1989;Smeets and Steinbusch, 1989;Hornby and Piekut, 1990;Corio et al, 1991;Ma, 1994;Medina and Reiner, 1995;Marin et al, 1998;Fowler et al, 1999;. For example, early investigators of the catecholamine (dopamine and norepinephrine) systems in amphibians and reptiles utilized histofluorescence to localize serotonin and catecholamine pathways [reviewed in Parent, 1979Parent, , 1986.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Characterization of the D1- and D2-Like Dopamine Receptors from the Brain of the Leopard Frog, <i>Rana pipiens</i>

Chu

Wilczynski

Wilcox³

2001

Brain Behav Evol

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The pharmacological profiles of D1- and D2-like dopamine receptors were investigated for native brain receptors in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, using direct binding assays, which characterize functional receptors rather than assess total receptor protein. We used homogenate assays of R. pipiens fore- and midbrains to determine, via saturation isotherms, that the dissociation constant, Kd, for ³H-SCH-23390 binding to the D1-like receptors was 0.29 nM, and the maximal receptor density, Bmax, was 40 fmoles/mg protein. This compares with the more than 10-fold higher density of D1 sites in rat striatum. Specific binding for the D2-like receptors was measurable using these methods with ³H-spiperone as the ligand. However, saturation of binding was not achieved. This contrasts with the > 400 fmoles/mg protein Bmax in rat striatum. Pharmacological profiles (rank order of potency of displacing drugs) for each receptor type were determined. We used non-radioactive SCH-23390, SKF-38393, sulpiride, and spiperone to displace ³H-SCH-23390 and ³H-spiperone at D1 and D2 receptors, respectively. Parallel displacement assays were performed with rat striatal controls. Results indicated that the relative rank order displacements in anuran dopamine receptors were characteristic of D1- and D2-like receptors. However, the rank orders were not identical to those in mammals. The rank order for affinity at D1-like receptors in both rats and frogs was SCH-23390 > SKF-38393 > spiperone > sulpiride. The rank order for affinity at D2-like receptors was spiperone > SCH-23390 > sulpiride > SKF-38393 in frogs, and spiperone > sulpiride > SCH-23390 > SKF-38393 in rats. SKF-38393 and spiperone had similar affinities for the ‘D1’ receptors in both species. SCH-23390 had a slightly lower affinity for the D1-like receptors in Rana, whereas sulpiride had a significantly lower affinity for Rana D1-like receptors compared to rat D1 receptors. In Rana D2-like receptors, spiperone and sulpiride were significantly less potent compared to rat. However, SCH-23390 and SKF-38393 were equally potent for the D2-like receptors in both species. The results indicate that amphibian brain dopamine receptors fall into two classes similar to the mammalian D1 and D2 subfamilies, but with binding characteristics slightly different from those typically described in mammals. This work represents the first pharmacological characterization of native brain dopaminergic receptors in an anuran amphibian. Because direct binding assays measure the initial aspect of the functional interaction between transmitter and receptor, these data provide an important complement to studies using cell expression systems.

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Immunohistochemical Localization of NMDA- and AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptor Subunits in the Basal Ganglia of Red-Eared Turtles

Cited by 23 publications

References 55 publications

Identification of the Anterior Nucleus of the Ansa Lenticularis in Birds as the Homolog of the Mammalian Subthalamic Nucleus

Identification of the Anterior Nucleus of the Ansa Lenticularis in Birds as the Homolog of the Mammalian Subthalamic Nucleus

Cellular Localization of AMPA Type Glutamate Receptor Subunits in the Basal Ganglia of Pigeons <i>(Columba livia)</i>

Pharmacological Characterization of the D1- and D2-Like Dopamine Receptors from the Brain of the Leopard Frog, <i>Rana pipiens</i>

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