Immunohistochemical localization of basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the pterygium

Kria, L.; Ohira, Akihiro; Amemiya, Tsugio

doi:10.1016/s0065-1281(96)80038-9

Cited by 143 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…32,33 A recent study suggested that fibroblasts isolated from pterygium tissue exhibit a transformed phenotype. 34 Our findings have relevance to explaining a new idea. The pivotal concept is that the infiltration of bone marrow AC133-, CD34-, cKit-, and STRO-1-positive stem cells may play an important role in the increase of transformed fibroblasts and new vascular formation of pterygium.…”

Section: Involvement Ofmentioning

confidence: 70%

Involvement of bone marrow-derived stem and progenitor cells in the pathogenesis of pterygium

Song

Kang

et al. 2004

Eye

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Aims To evaluate the involvement of multipotential stem and progenitor cells in the pathogenesis of pterygium. Methods Paraffin-embedded and snap-frozen primary pterygium (n ¼ 10) were serially sectioned and analysed immunohistochemically to determine the expression level of AC133 (marker for the primitive haematopoietic progenitors), CD34 (marker for the haematopoietic progenitor cells and endothelium), c-Kit (marker for haematopoietic and stromal progenitor cells), and STRO-1 (a differentiation antigen present on bone marrow fibroblast cells and on various nonhaematopoietic progenitor cells). Results In all the primary pterygium, immunoreactivity of AC133 and STRO-1 was found in some of the epithelial and stromal cells, CD34 was observed in the vascular endothelium, and some scattered ovoidal cells were found in the subepithelial connective tissue. C-Kit was expressed mainly in the basal epithelium of the head portions, and some spindle-shaped stromal cells. There is no immunoreactivity of AC133, c-Kit, and STRO-1 in normal conjunctiva, whereas CD34 was mildly stained with vessel wall. Conclusion Multipotential stem and progenitor cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of pterygium through its differentiation into fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells.

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Section: Involvement Ofmentioning

confidence: 70%

Involvement of bone marrow-derived stem and progenitor cells in the pathogenesis of pterygium

Song

Kang

et al. 2004

Eye

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“…33 According to these reports, the presence of proinflammatory cytokines secreted from the surface epithelium or from tears inflammatory cells induces the fibroblastic production of proteins related to remodelling of extracellular matrix and angiogenesis. Growth factors with potent angiogenic activity, such as FGF, PDGF, TGF-b, and TNF, have been found 6 to be secreted from fibroblastic and inflammatory pterygium cells as well as in tissue cultures from pterygium fibroblasts. From this and other studies, 34 we can postulate that various cytokines and growth factors including VEGF, attribute to cellular proliferation, inflammatory reaction, remodelling of extracellular matrix, and angiogenesis of pterygium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunoreactivity for these growth factors was located in the epithelial cells, endothelial cells of vessels, basement membranes of vessels and epithelium, fibroblasts, and infiltrating inflammatory cells in the pterygium. 6 Conjunctival epithelial cells are capable of producing proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-a and IL-1b, which in turn stimulate Tenon's capsule fibroblastic proliferation, in tissue cultures. 7 Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature and underlies a large number of physiological processes, 8 such as growth and differentiation, ovulation, would healing, and abnormal conditions such as neoplasia and eye diseases, which cause severe loss of vision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiogenesis in pterygium: study of microvessel density, vascular endothelial growth factor, and thrombospondin-1

Aspiotis

Tsanou

Gorezis

et al. 2006

Eye

103

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“…18,19 Previous reports indicate that these stem cell-modulating factors are expressed in pterygium. 20,21 In addition, we previously reported that bone marrow-derived stem and progenitor cells are detected in the pterygial tissue. 22 However, these reports are limited to studies of the local effects on pterygium, and little is known of the physiologic mechanism underlying the localized expressions of these stem cell-modulating factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Endothelial progenitor cells in pterygium pathogenesis

Lee

Song

et al. 2006

Eye

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Purpose The pathogenesis of pterygium is not well known, and controversy exists about the cell origins and the nature of initial trigger required for its development. We investigated whether endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in pathogenesis of pterygium and the mechanism underlying the selective recruitment of EPCs during this process. Methods We studied 13 normal controls and 28 pterygium patients (primary (n ¼ 15), recurrent (n ¼ 13)). Substance-P, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and stem cell factor (SCF) were measured in plasma and tears using ELISA, and circulating CD34 þ and c-kit þ mononuclear cells (MNCs) by flow cytometry. Anterior segment fluorescein angiography (FAG) was performed to evaluate hypoxic conditions in the early stage of pterygium. Surgically removed pterygial tissues were analyzed immunohistochemically using the progenitor cell markers, CD34, c-kit, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2. Results Anterior segment FAG findings showed an increase in non-perfusion areas and attenuated vessels in the nasal limbus during early-stage pterygium. Circulating CD34 þ MNCs and c-kit þ MNCs were increased in pterygium groups compared with normal controls. Systemic and local cytokines including SP, VEGF, and SCF in pterygium groups were also elevated and showed positive correlations with CD34 þ and c-kit þ MNC numbers. Immunohistochemical analysis of pterygium showed strong progenitor cell marker immunoreactivities. Conclusions EPCs might be involved in pterygium development, and ocular hypoxia triggers this neovascularization by recruiting EPCs derived from the bone marrow via the production of systemic and local cytokines.

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Immunohistochemical localization of basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the pterygium

Cited by 143 publications

References 21 publications

Involvement of bone marrow-derived stem and progenitor cells in the pathogenesis of pterygium

Involvement of bone marrow-derived stem and progenitor cells in the pathogenesis of pterygium

Angiogenesis in pterygium: study of microvessel density, vascular endothelial growth factor, and thrombospondin-1

Endothelial progenitor cells in pterygium pathogenesis

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