Immunohistochemical expression of P-selectin, SP-A, HSP70, aquaporin 5, and fibronectin in saltwater drowning and freshwater drowning

Barranco, Rosario; Castiglioni, Claudia; Ventura, Francesco; Fracasso, Tony

doi:10.1007/s00414-019-02105-1

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…AQP-5, a transmembrane protein responsible for water transport and expressed mainly on pneumocytes type I [81][82][83][84][85][86], has been shown a reduced linear expression pattern in forms of asphyxiation in which the airways were obstructed [49] and in mice lungs after freshwater drowning [87]. However, other studies show no differences between fresh and salt water drowning [51] and that there is an increased expression in rat lungs after drowning [88].…”

Section: The Immunohistochemical Markers Aqp-5 and Sp-a Did Not Reveal Results Of Diagnostic Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is currently no diagnostic marker or morphological finding that enables the diagnosis of "AE in CE". Many studies on the diagnosis of violent asphyxiation did not include or explicitly exclude cases of CE or AE + CE [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Against this background, 84 autopsy cases in four diagnostic groups ("AE", "CE", "AE + CE", "NE" (no emphysema)) were systematically investigated to identify a specific histomorphological or macroscopical constellation of findings or an immunohistochemical pattern that enables the diagnosis "AE in CE". Samples from all pulmonary lobes were investigated by conventional histological methods (hematoxylin-eosin, Elastica-van-Gieson, and iron staining) as well as with immunohistochemical markers Aquaporin 5 (AQP-5) and Surfactant protein A1 (SP-A) that have been described as being significantly differentially expressed in the lungs of asphyxiation victims than in other causes of death [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]62]. Particular attention was paid to alveolar septum ends ("dead-ends") suspected as rupture spots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute or chronic pulmonary emphysema? Or both?—A contribution to the diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation in cases with pre-existing chronic emphysema

et al. 2021

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The diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation may be challenging if external injuries are missing, and a typical acute emphysema (AE) “disappears” in pre-existing chronic emphysema (CE). Eighty-four autopsy cases were systematically investigated to identify a (histo-) morphological or immunohistochemical marker combination that enables the diagnosis of violent asphyxiation in cases with a pre-existing CE (“AE in CE”). The cases comprised four diagnostic groups, namely “AE”, “CE”, “acute and chronic emphysema (AE + CE)”, and “no emphysema (NE)”. Samples from all pulmonary lobes were investigated by conventional histological methods as well as with the immunohistochemical markers Aquaporin 5 (AQP-5) and Surfactant protein A1 (SP-A). Particular attention was paid to alveolar septum ends (“dead-ends”) suspected as rupture spots, which were additionally analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The findings in the four diagnostic groups were compared using multivariate analysis and 1-way ANOVA analysis. All morphological findings were found in all four groups. Based on histological and macroscopic findings, a multivariate analysis was able to predict the correct diagnosis “AE + CE” with a probability of 50%, and the diagnoses “AE” and “CE” with a probability of 86% each. Three types of “dead-ends” could be differentiated. One type (“fringed ends”) was observed significantly more frequently in AE. The immunohistochemical markers AQP-5 and SP-A did not show significant differences among the examined groups. Though a reliable identification of AE in CE could not be achieved using the examined parameters, our findings suggest that considering many different findings from the macroscopical, histomorphological, and molecular level by multivariate analysis is an approach that should be followed.

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Section: The Immunohistochemical Markers Aqp-5 and Sp-a Did Not Reveal Results Of Diagnostic Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute or chronic pulmonary emphysema? Or both?—A contribution to the diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation in cases with pre-existing chronic emphysema

et al. 2021

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“…Obviously, in this context, also the method used for the marker analysis is important, having to be simple, reliable, and replicable. Immunohistochemistry seems to prove these features, resulting one of the most common investigation used in several forensic setting to assess the causes of death (i.e., sepsis and asphyxia) [66][67][68][69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Attack Complex in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review for Post Mortem Applications

et al. 2020

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The complement system has a significant role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, being responsible for cell lysis and amplification of inflammatory response. In this context, several studies highlight that terminal complement complex C5b-9, also known as the membrane attack complex (MAC), is a significant contributor. The MAC functions were studied by many researchers analyzing the characteristics of its activation in myocardial infarction. Here, a systematic literature review was reported to evaluate the principal features, advantages, and limits (regarding the application) of complement components and MAC in post mortem settings to perform the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia/infarction. The review was performed according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a total of 26 studies were identified. Several methods studied MAC, and each study contributes to defining better how and when it affects the myocardial damage in ischemic/reperfusion injury. The articles were discussed, focusing on the specificity, sensibility, and post mortem stability of MAC as a marker of myocardial ischemia/infarction, supporting the usefulness in routine post mortem investigations.

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“…Recent studies in biochemistry, histology and immunohistochemistry have provided very interesting results on the post-mortem diagnosis of drowning, complementing classical autopsy findings. For instance, useful methods for differential diagnosis between freshwater and saltwater drowning have been reported [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Novel technologies such as proteomics are still in the stage of exploration in forensic pathology [ 15 ], and mainly focused to determine PMI [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics in Deaths by Drowning: Diagnostic Efficacy of Apolipoprotein A1 and α-1 Antitrypsin, Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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Drowning is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The pathophysiology of drowning is complex and, sometimes, interpretation of the circumstances of death in the autopsy becomes the main source of information in its diagnosis. New advances in medical research, such as proteomics, especially in forensic pathology, are still in the development. We proposed to investigate the application of Mass Spectrometry-based technologies, to identify differentially expressed proteins that may act as potential biomarkers in the postmortem diagnosis of drowning. We performed a pilot proteomic experiment with the inclusion of two drowned and two control forensic cases. After applying restrictive parameters, we identified apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and α-1 antitrypsin as differentially expressed between the two diagnostic groups. A validation experiment, with the determination of both proteins in 25 forensic cases (16 drowned and 9 controls) was performed, and we corroborated ApoA1 higher values in the drowning group, whereas α-1 antitrypsin showed lower levels. After adjusting by confounder factors, both remained as predictive independent factors for diagnosis of drowning (p = 0.010 and p = 0.022, respectively). We constructed ROC curves for biomarkers’ levels attending at the origin of death and established an ApoA1 cut-off point of 100 mg/dL. Correct classification based on the diagnosis criteria was reached for 73.9% of the cases in a discriminant analysis. We propose apolipoprotein A1 (with our cutoff value for correct classification) and α-1 antitrypsin as valuable biomarkers of drowning. Our study, based on forensic cases, reveals our proteomic approach as a new complementary tool in the forensic diagnosis of drowning and, perhaps, in clinical future implications in drowned patients. However, this is a pilot approach, and future studies are necessary to consolidate our promising preliminary data.

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Immunohistochemical expression of P-selectin, SP-A, HSP70, aquaporin 5, and fibronectin in saltwater drowning and freshwater drowning

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Acute or chronic pulmonary emphysema? Or both?—A contribution to the diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation in cases with pre-existing chronic emphysema

Acute or chronic pulmonary emphysema? Or both?—A contribution to the diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation in cases with pre-existing chronic emphysema

Membrane Attack Complex in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review for Post Mortem Applications

Proteomics in Deaths by Drowning: Diagnostic Efficacy of Apolipoprotein A1 and α-1 Antitrypsin, Pilot Study

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