Immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloprotease‐2 and matrix metalloprotease‐9 in the disks of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Abstract

Purpose: Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are tissue-remodeling enzymes that function during the remodeling process, such as in immune-inflammatory diseases. Metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) and metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) are gelatinases that degrade several types of extracellular matrix collagen. It is hypothesized that in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels may be elevated. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the association of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression with temporomandibular joint dysfunction using an immunohistochemical approach to evaluate the joint disk. Material and Methods: A total of 45 human temporomandibular joint samples were collected, with 36 samples in the test group (patients with anterior disk displacement with reduction (n = 29) and without reduction (n = 7)) and nine samples in the control group. The immunostaining of the TMJ disks was statistically compared between the groups (P < 0.05). Results: There was a statistically significant difference for the area of MMP-2 immunostaining between the control group and the displacement disks with reduction group (ADDwR) (P = 0.048) and between the groups with disk displacement and without reduction (ADDwoR) (P = 0.029). The expression of MMP-2 was significantly elevated in the ADDwoR group. Conclusion: No statistically significant difference was found between the variable area of MMP-9 expression in the disk with and without disk displacement, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis. However, there was an elevation of MMP-2 expression in the disks of patients with displacement and without reduction (more severe alteration).

IL‐1β‐regulating angiogenic factors expression in perforated temporomandibular disk cells via NF‐κB pathway

“…Our previous study demonstrated polymorphism of MMP1 promoter could increase the susceptibility to TMJ OA (14). The elevation of MMP2 was also revealed in TMJ displacement disks (15). Overexpression of MMP1 or MMP2 in synovial fluid is considered as a biochemical marker for TMJ OA (16,17).…”

Observing the development of the temporomandibular joint in embryonic and post-natal mice using various staining methods

“…ECM degradation requires the action of secreted or membrane MMPs, which are zinc-dependent endopeptidases capable of degrading ECM components, including collagens and proteoglycans ( 44 ). MMP-9 degrades denatured collagen II, which is initially cleaved by activated MMP-1, and additionally degrades noncartilage collagens such as collagen IV and collagen V ( 45 ). Notably, MMP-9 is able to degrade the core protein aggrecan ( 46 , 47 ).…”

Matrix Metalloproteinases and Temporomandibular Joint Disorder: A Review of the Literature

“…Table 1. Studies that fit the inclusion criteria and published within the past 10 years [11,[13][14][15][16][17]. Anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR); anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR); matrix metalloproteinases (MMP); temporomandibular joint (TMJ).…”

“…They are a family of 26 endopeptidases that degrade collagen, gelatin, proteoglycans, and other ECM components, and they are regulated at the level of their gene expression (cytokines, growth factors, hormones, and others), posttranslational activation, and endogenous inhibition (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases [TIMP]) [8,10]. As inflammation occurs, however, processes involving these enzymes shift from physiological to pathological, and MMP activity results in excess tissue breakdown and damage [11].…”