Immunohistochemical expression of four different stem cell markers in prostate cancer: High expression of NANOG in conjunction with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression is involved in prostate epithelial malignancy

Miyazawa, Katsuhito; Tanaka, Takuji; Nakai, Dan; Morita, Nobuyo; Suzuki, Kôji

doi:10.3892/ol.2014.2274

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…These pro-tumorigenic effects were associated with an upregulation of CXCR4, IGFBP5, CD133 and ALDH142. A study of CSC maker expression in 133 PCa patients has shown that all patients have positive expression of Nanog and Oct4, and a significant correlation was observed between Nanog and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in those patients46. These studies suggest that Nanog may be a promising biomarker for diagnosis of malignant PCa, and co-expression of Nanog and HIF-1α may predict an unfavorable prognosis since such co-expression may accelerate carcinogenesis and metastasis of PCa46.…”

Section: The Roles Of Nanog Proteins In Miscellaneous Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Nanog gene: A propeller for stemness in primitive stem cells

Zhang¹,

Sui²,

Ni³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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Self-renewal and pluripotency are two major characteristics of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that allow ESCs to maintain stem cell population, and differentiate into multiple types of adult tissues. Nanog is the key transcription factor that controls both self-renewal and pluripotency of ESCs. Similarly, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are capable of preserving population and initiating new tumor development by self-renewal. Expression of Nanog family proteins can be increased in many types of cancer which is correlated with tumor outcomes. In this review we summarized the recent understanding of the roles and mechanisms of Nanog in ESC regulation under physiological conditions. In addition, we describe the function of Nanog family proteins in different types of cancer, and the association of Nanog with clinical outcomes. Taken together, Nanog proteins are central regulators controlling both ESCs and CSCs, and are considered as a prognostic marker in many types of cancer. These findings supported the possibility of novel therapeutic potentials of Nanog against cancers.

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Section: The Roles Of Nanog Proteins In Miscellaneous Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Nanog gene: A propeller for stemness in primitive stem cells

Zhang¹,

Sui²,

Ni³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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“…57 In contrast, nestin is recognized as a cancer stem cell marker of prostate cancer, and there are several reports on nestin as a cancer stem cell. 58,59 However, unfortunately, there is no report regarding MVD measured by using anti-nestin antibody. We emphasize here that further studies regarding the clinical significance and prognostic roles of nestin-MVD in human prostate cancer tissues are necessary.…”

Section: Nestinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsideration of the clinical and histopathological significance of angiogenesis in prostate cancer: Usefulness and limitations of microvessel density measurement

Miyata

Sakai

2015

Int J of Urology

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Angiogenesis plays important roles in tumor growth and cancer cell dissemination in almost all cancers. In prostate cancer, there is general agreement that increased angiogenesis is an important factor in determining tumor development and prognosis in these patients. Microvessel density is recognized as a useful marker for evaluating the angiogenic status of cancer tissues. Many investigators have reported that microvessel density is significantly associated with pathological features and outcomes in prostate cancer patients; however, some researchers have expressed opposing opinions. As the reason for such discrepancy, previous reports have suggested differences in the methodologies of measuring microvessel density in cancer tissues. In the present review, we focus on the variation in such methods, including the selected area and the method used for (semi)quantification. In particular, we discuss the relationship between malignancy potential, tumor progression, and survival and differences in the antibodies used for detection of endothelial cells in detail. We briefly compare the pathological significance and prognostic roles of microvessel density measured using von Willebrand factor, CD31, CD34, and CD105. Based on these analyses, the advantages and limitations of microvessel density measurements in prostate cancer tissues are clarified. Improved "real" and "specific" markers of cancerrelated angiogenesis are necessary for better predictions of prognoses and for discussion of treatment strategies for patients with prostate cancer. However, establishment of a satisfactory cancer-related endothelial marker could take a long time. Therefore, knowledge regarding the pathological significance of microvessel densitybased on understanding of the advantages and limitations of microvessel density determination methods -is important.

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“…including epithelial, mesenchymal, hematopoietic malignancies), (iii) prognostic, and (iv) mechanistic (allowing analyses of the underlying biology of the disease). Most prior reports examine whether stem cell-associated ‘factors’ are found in poorly differentiated or poor prognosis cancers [34–43]. The majority of the remaining reports extend this work to investigate if a previously derived limited number of genes expressed in stem cells (a stem cell ‘signature’), if expressed in cancers, stratifies the latter by prognosis [8, 9, 44–60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distance in cancer gene expression from stem cells predicts patient survival

Riester

Zehir

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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The degree of histologic cellular differentiation of a cancer has been associated with prognosis but is subjectively assessed. We hypothesized that information about tumor differentiation of individual cancers could be derived objectively from cancer gene expression data, and would allow creation of a cancer phylogenetic framework that would correlate with clinical, histologic and molecular characteristics of the cancers, as well as predict prognosis. Here we utilized mRNA expression data from 4,413 patient samples with 7 diverse cancer histologies to explore the utility of ordering samples by their distance in gene expression from that of stem cells. A differentiation baseline was obtained by including expression data of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) for solid tumors, and of hESC and CD34+ cells for liquid tumors. We found that the correlation distance (the degree of similarity) between the gene expression profile of a tumor sample and that of stem cells orients cancers in a clinically coherent fashion. For all histologies analyzed (including carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematologic malignancies), patients with cancers with gene expression patterns most similar to that of stem cells had poorer overall survival. We also found that the genes in all undifferentiated cancers of diverse histologies that were most differentially expressed were associated with up-regulation of specific oncogenes and down-regulation of specific tumor suppressor genes. Thus, a stem cell-oriented phylogeny of cancers allows for the derivation of a novel cancer gene expression signature found in all undifferentiated forms of diverse cancer histologies, that is competitive in predicting overall survival in cancer patients compared to previously published prediction models, and is coherent in that gene expression was associated with up-regulation of specific oncogenes and down-regulation of specific tumor suppressor genes associated with regulation of the multicellular state.

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Immunohistochemical expression of four different stem cell markers in prostate cancer: High expression of NANOG in conjunction with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression is involved in prostate epithelial malignancy

Cited by 44 publications

References 54 publications

Insights into the Nanog gene: A propeller for stemness in primitive stem cells

Insights into the Nanog gene: A propeller for stemness in primitive stem cells

Reconsideration of the clinical and histopathological significance of angiogenesis in prostate cancer: Usefulness and limitations of microvessel density measurement

Distance in cancer gene expression from stem cells predicts patient survival

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