Immunohistochemical Expression of Embryonic Stem Cell Markers in Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors

Deisch, Jeremy; Raisanen, Jack M.; Rakheja, Dinesh

doi:10.2350/10-09-0902-oa.1

Cited by 50 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In yolk sac tumors and primary extragonadal germ cell tumors, one study reported that the circulating tumor cells are detectable by anti-SALL4 antibody in peripheral blood samples, making this protein a more sensitive marker than α-fetoprotein and glypican-3 107 . In addition, SALL4 is expressed in a majority of malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) 20108109110111 but rarely expressed in epithelioid sarcomas. Therefore, SALL4 immunoexpression may be a useful diagnostic tool to distinguish epitheloid sarcoma from malignant rhabdoid tumor.…”

Section: Sall4 In Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

SALL4, the missing link between stem cells, development and cancer

Tatetsu

Kong

Gao

et al. 2016

Gene

109

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There is a growing body of evidence supporting that cancer cells share many similarities with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). For example, aggressive cancers and ESCs share a common gene expression signature that includes hundreds of genes. Since ESC genes are not present in most adult tissues, they could be ideal candidate targets for cancer-specific diagnosis and treatment. This is an exciting cancer-targeting model. The major hurdle to test this model is to identify the key factors/pathway(s) within ESCs that are responsible for the cancer phenotype. SALL4 is one of few genes that can establish this link. The first publication of SALL4 is on its mutation in a human inherited disorder with multiple developmental defects. Since then, over 300 papers have been published on various aspects of this gene in stem cells, development, and cancers. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of SALL4, including a SALL4-based approach to classify and target cancers. Many questions about this important gene still remain unanswered, specifically, on how this gene regulates cell fates at a molecular level. Understanding SALL4’s molecular functions will allow development of specific targeted approaches in the future.

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Section: Sall4 In Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

SALL4, the missing link between stem cells, development and cancer

Tatetsu

Kong

Gao

et al. 2016

Gene

109

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“…The immature phenotype of MRT, expression of many transcription factors and markers associated with stem cell networks, and the potential of MRT cells to differentiate to some degree along various lineages have been reported (11)(12)(13). In particular, SMARCB1 is required in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex for controlling the differentiation potential of MRT cells (14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Dose Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Treatment Leads to Tumor Growth Arrest and Multi-Lineage Differentiation of Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors

Muscat

Popovski

Jayasekara

et al. 2016

Clinical Cancer Research

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Purpose: Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) are rare aggressive undifferentiated tumors primarily affecting the kidney and CNS of infants and young children. MRT are almost exclusively characterized by homozygous deletion or inactivation of the chromatin remodeling gene SMARCB1. SMARCB1 protein loss leads to direct impairment of chromatin remodeling and we have previously reported a role for this protein in histone acetylation. This provided the rationale for investigating the therapeutic potential of histone deactylase inhibitors (HDACi) in MRT.Experimental Design: Whereas previously HDACis have been used at doses and schedules that induce cytotoxicity, in the current studies we have tested the hypothesis, both in vitro and in vivo, that sustained treatment of human MRT with lowdose HDACi can lead to sustained cell growth arrest and differentiation.

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“…Even though SALL4 is a highly specific marker for a broad spectrum of germ cell tumors, its expression has been reported in 89% of hepatoid gastric carcinomas, 95 58% of embryonal components of hepatoblastoma, 89 88% of malignant rhabdoid tumors, and 50% of Wilms tumors. 208,209 More recently, a unique punctate/ clumped nuclear staining pattern of SALL4 was observed in 30 of 32 HCCs (94%). 88 This staining pattern tended to be focal (,25% of the tumor cells stained) when compared with the diffuse nuclear staining in yolk sac tumors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemistry in Undifferentiated Neoplasm/Tumor of Uncertain Origin

Lin

Liu

2014

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

106

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Context Immunohistochemistry has become an indispensable ancillary study in the identification and classification of undifferentiated neoplasms/tumors of uncertain origin. The diagnostic accuracy has significantly improved because of the continuous discoveries of tissue-specific biomarkers and the development of effective immunohistochemical panels. Objectives To identify and classify undifferentiated neoplasms/tumors of uncertain origin by immunohistochemistry. Data Sources Literature review and authors' research data and personal practice experience were used. Conclusions To better guide therapeutic decisions and predict prognostic outcomes, it is crucial to differentiate the specific lineage of an undifferentiated neoplasm. Application of appropriate immunohistochemical panels enables the accurate classification of most undifferentiated neoplasms. Knowing the utilities and pitfalls of each tissue-specific biomarker is essential for avoiding potential diagnostic errors because an absolutely tissue-specific biomarker is exceptionally rare. We review frequently used tissue-specific biomarkers, provide effective panels, and recommend diagnostic algorithms as a standard approach to undifferentiated neoplasms.

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Immunohistochemical Expression of Embryonic Stem Cell Markers in Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors

Cited by 50 publications

References 47 publications

SALL4, the missing link between stem cells, development and cancer

SALL4, the missing link between stem cells, development and cancer

Low-Dose Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Treatment Leads to Tumor Growth Arrest and Multi-Lineage Differentiation of Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors

Immunohistochemistry in Undifferentiated Neoplasm/Tumor of Uncertain Origin

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