Immunohistochemical Expression of CD105 and TGF-β1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adjacent Apparently Normal Oral Mucosa and its Correlation With Clinicopathologic Features

Abstract

Angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) is essential for its growth, invasion, and metastasis. This entails a shift in the balance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. CD105 and TGF-β1 are 2 such proangiogenic factors wherein CD105 exerts its angiogenic effect by binding to and modulating the TGF-β1 pathway. A total of 50 resected specimens of OSCC were considered. One tissue specimen was taken from tumor proper and another specimen from adjacent apparently normal mucosa (AANM). Both tissues were immunohistochemically stained using CD105 and TGF-β1 antibodies. The expression of each antibody was individually assessed and then compared. Pearson χ test was used for statistical comparison of expression. CD105 was significantly expressed in OSCC as compared with AANM and also correlated with increasing TNM stage. The mean microvessel density was higher in OSCC. TGF-β1 was significantly expressed in epithelium of OSCC as compared with AANM. On comparing expression of TGF-β1 and CD105, 79.54% of endothelial cells expressed positivity for both molecules. Both CD105 and TGF-β1 were increased in OSCC, although based on our results CD105 alone can be used as a prognostic marker. On the basis of immunohistochemical expression of CD105 and TGF-β1 in endothelial cells, our results demonstrate that CD105 acts as one of the receptors of TGF-β1 on endothelial cells and induces the angiogenic pathway in OSCC.

Immunohistochemical analysis of neutrophils, interleukin‐17, matrix metalloproteinase‐9, and neoformed vessels in oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…A similar result was described by Martone et al, who found that the density of neoformed microvessels (CD105 + ) was significantly higher in groups with T3/T4 tumors and those with an advanced clinical stage. Nair et al also demonstrated a significant increase in number of CD105 + microvessels as the T stage increased; the group further found increases in the density of neoformed microvessels in OSCC as compared with negative controls. Thus, increased expression of CD105 is evidently directly associated with disease progression, which reveals that this parameter may also be an indicator of oral cancer aggressiveness.…”

“…The inflammatory markers TAN, MMP‐9, and IL‐17 have been individually proposed as prognostic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) . Garley et al and Li et al observed that the supernatants and blood serum of patients with oral cancer exhibit higher concentrations of IL‐17 than those of healthy subjects, and this difference is associated with tumor growth and metastasis .…”

“…Most of the clinical studies on TAN and MMP‐9 demonstrate that they are associated with poor clinical outcomes, including decreased survival . Similarly, neoangiogenesis shows a positive relationship with poorer prognosis in OSCC …”

“…6,10 The inflammatory markers TAN, MMP-9, and IL-17 have been individually proposed as prognostic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Garley et al 11 and Li et al 12 observed that the supernatants and blood serum of patients with oral cancer exhibit higher concentrations of IL-17 than those of healthy subjects, and this difference is associated with tumor growth and metastasis. 12 Most of the clinical studies on TAN and MMP-9 demonstrate that they are associated with poor clinical outcomes, including decreased survival.…”

A comparison of CD105 and CD31 expression in tumor vessels of hepatocellular carcinoma by tissue microarray and flow cytometry

“…CD105 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed primarily in ECs and tumor cells (15,16). Tumoral CD105 has been defined as a novel independent prognostic marker, whereas the microvessel density labelled by the endothelial marker CD105 (MVD-CD105) negatively correlates with tumor development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma (13,17).…”