Immunohistochemical distribution of s-100 protein in tumors and tumor-like lesions of bone and cartilage

Abstract

Various tumors and tumor-like lesions of bone and cartilage were examined for S-100 protein using the avidine-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunostaining method. The most intense reactivity for S-100 protein was found in well-differentiated chondrocytes of enchondromas, osteochondromas and chondrosarcomas, and in normal epiphyseal cartilage. S-100 protein was positive in both polygonal stromal cells and chondrocytes of chondroblastomas and in chondrocytes of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. In osteosarcomas not only chondroblastic areas but also osteoblastic areas showed positive cells. Reticulum histiocytic cells of eosinophilic granulomas and chordoma cells were positive for S-100 protein. The study yielded three main conclusions: (1) S-100 protein could be the marker for tumors of cartilaginous origin and differentiation, notochord origin, and T-zone histiocyte origin; (2) chondroblastoma can be distinguished from other histologically confusing giant cell lesions by using ABC to detect S-100 protein; and (3) S-100 protein has some relationship with tumoral calcification not only in cartilaginous tumors but also in osteosarcoma.

Type II collagen as specific marker for mesenchymal chondrosarcomas compared to other small cell sarcomas of the skeleton

“…These small cells largely lack S-100 protein expression, which is one widely used marker for chondrocytic differentiation within neoplasms. 21,22 This is the reason why S-100 protein cannot be used to identify mesenchymal chondrosarcoma if there are no chondroid islands present, a feature largely confirmed in this study. [21][22][23][24] A potential, but rather rare, indicator of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma are single large rounded cells, which are positive for S-100 protein.…”

“…21,22 This is the reason why S-100 protein cannot be used to identify mesenchymal chondrosarcoma if there are no chondroid islands present, a feature largely confirmed in this study. [21][22][23][24] A potential, but rather rare, indicator of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma are single large rounded cells, which are positive for S-100 protein. 20,25 Of note, these cells are always surrounded by an extracellular matrix positive for collagen type II.…”

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Expression in Primary Osseous Tumors.

“…S-100 proteins, a family of calcium-binding proteins, may have a role during cartilage and osseous tissue formation [3,9,12,14,15]; where laminin and fibronectin also play a significant role in the initiation and organization of chondro-osseous tissue [7], alkaline phosphatase activity decreases in osteoblast-like cells of well calcified tissue [8], and chondroclastic and osteoclastic giant cells are characterized by intense succinate dehydrogenase activity [8]. The present study, however, suggests that cartilaginous areas in osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma share common immunohistochemical features regarding the expression of BMP.…”

Periosteal osteosarcoma and parosteal chondrosarcoma evaluated by double immunohistochemical staining: Report of 2 cases

“…Anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody, PCIO, established by Waseem and Lane (1990), can recognize the proliferating cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. S-100 is an acidic, cal-cium-binding protein and that can serve as a marker for tumors originating in the cartilage, notochord and T-zone histiocyte (Okajima et al 1988).…”