Abstract:Definitive diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis often requires tissue samples for histologic evidence of fungal infection and culture confirmation of Aspergillus species. However, the culture frequently fails to isolate Aspergillus species. Alternative approaches to confirm Aspergillus infection use polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical analysis on paraffin-embedded sections. These approaches are well characterized in animals and adult patients but not pediatric patients. We … Show more
“…Even when submitted, cultures often fail to isolate the fungus responsible of the infection [8]. Despite the lack of culture in the present case, a definitive diagnosis of aspergillosis was upheld by the application of specific immunohistochemical staining techniques.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 84%
“…Within the nodule removed from the dromedary the fungal hyphae only stained positive (Fig. 5) with the monoclonal antibody (clone WF-AF-1, LSBio) reacting specifically with Aspergillus [7, 8]. At follow up, one year after the excision of the mass, the animal was in good health with no sign of recurrence of infection.Fig.…”
BackgroundThis report describes a case of primary subcutaneous aspergillosis in a 7-year-old neutered male dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius).Case presentationThe animal developed a large nodular lesion in the right scrotum two years after surgical intervention for neutering. The mass had a firm consistency and was painful at palpation. Histopathology revealed dermal granulomatous inflammation with a necrotic centre, surrounded by plasma cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and sparse fungal hyphae characterised by parallel cell walls, distinct septa, and dichotomous branching. Fungal culture was not performed, but a panel of mono- and polyclonal antibodies specific for different fungal genera identified the hyphae as Aspergillus sp.ConclusionsThe occurrence of subcutaneous lesions is a rare manifestation of aspergillosis in animals, and this appears to be the first case reported in the dromedary camel.
“…Even when submitted, cultures often fail to isolate the fungus responsible of the infection [8]. Despite the lack of culture in the present case, a definitive diagnosis of aspergillosis was upheld by the application of specific immunohistochemical staining techniques.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 84%
“…Within the nodule removed from the dromedary the fungal hyphae only stained positive (Fig. 5) with the monoclonal antibody (clone WF-AF-1, LSBio) reacting specifically with Aspergillus [7, 8]. At follow up, one year after the excision of the mass, the animal was in good health with no sign of recurrence of infection.Fig.…”
BackgroundThis report describes a case of primary subcutaneous aspergillosis in a 7-year-old neutered male dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius).Case presentationThe animal developed a large nodular lesion in the right scrotum two years after surgical intervention for neutering. The mass had a firm consistency and was painful at palpation. Histopathology revealed dermal granulomatous inflammation with a necrotic centre, surrounded by plasma cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and sparse fungal hyphae characterised by parallel cell walls, distinct septa, and dichotomous branching. Fungal culture was not performed, but a panel of mono- and polyclonal antibodies specific for different fungal genera identified the hyphae as Aspergillus sp.ConclusionsThe occurrence of subcutaneous lesions is a rare manifestation of aspergillosis in animals, and this appears to be the first case reported in the dromedary camel.
“…Incubation at higher temperatures on selective agar can help to specifically isolate A. fumigatus , but this is not a rapid method [ 45 ]. The monoclonal antibody L10-1, which we used in this study as a control, as well as the commercially available monoclonal antibodies WF-AF-1 and EB-A1, label the cell wall polysaccharide galactomannan in immunostainings, but again are not specific for A. fumigatus [ 38 , 46 , 47 , 48 ].…”
In most cases, invasive aspergillosis (IA) is caused by A. fumigatus, though infections with other Aspergillus spp. with lower susceptibilities to amphotericin B (AmB) gain ground. A. terreus, for instance, is the second leading cause of IA in humans and of serious concern because of its high propensity to disseminate and its in vitro and in vivo resistance to AmB. An early differentiation between A. fumigatus and non-A. fumigatus infections could swiftly recognize a potentially ineffective treatment with AmB and lead to the lifesaving change to a more appropriate drug regime in high-risk patients. In this study, we present the characteristics of the monoclonal IgG1-antibody AB90-E8 that specifically recognizes a surface antigen of A. fumigatus and the closely related, but not human pathogenic A. fischeri. We show immunostainings on fresh frozen sections as well as on incipient mycelium picked from agar plates with tweezers or by using the expeditious tape mount technique. All three methods have a time advantage over the common procedures currently used in the routine diagnosis of IA and outline the potential of AB90-E8 as a rapid diagnostic tool.
“…MAbs have also been used as probes to detect Aspergillus in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens using immunohistochemistry (IHC) or immunofluorescence (IF) to identify the bound complexes [ 69 , 80 ].…”
Section: Monoclonal Antibodies and Diagnosis Of Invasive Aspergillosismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In human formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung, liver and skin tissues, mAb EB-A2 was able to identify Aspergillus hyphae and fungal fragments within phagocytic cells [ 82 , 83 ]. Another commercial mAb, WF-AF-1, has been employed to detect Aspergillus antigens in specimens embedded in paraffin blocks from pediatric patients [ 80 ]. Tests on specimens offer a rapid identification of Aspergillus elements, particularly in those patients whose microbiological cultures are negative.…”
Section: Monoclonal Antibodies and Diagnosis Of Invasive Aspergillosismentioning
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening fungal disease that causes high morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of IA remain challenging. Given the broad range of non-specific clinical symptoms and the shortcomings of current diagnostic techniques, most patients are either diagnosed as “possible” or “probable” cases but not “proven”. Moreover, because of the lack of sensitive and specific tests, many high-risk patients receive an empirical therapy or a prolonged treatment of high-priced antifungal agents, leading to unnecessary adverse effects and a high risk of drug resistance. More precise diagnostic techniques alongside a targeted antifungal treatment are fundamental requirements for reducing the morbidity and mortality of IA. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high specificity in targeting the corresponding antigen(s) may have the potential to improve diagnostic tests and form the basis for novel IA treatments. This review summarizes the up-to-date application of mAb-based approaches in assisting IA diagnosis and therapy.
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