Immunohistochemical Detection of Disease-Associated Prion Protein in the Intestine of Cattle Naturally Affected with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy by Using an Alkaline-Based Chemical Antigen Retrieval Method

Okada, Hiroyuki; Iwamaru, Yoshihumi; Imamura, Morikazu; Masujin, Kentaro; Yokoyama, Takashi; Mohri, Satoshi

doi:10.1292/jvms.10-0211

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Muscles from the Alpine brown experimental BASE cattle (#995) were fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Five-µm-thick sections were pre-treated following the protocol by Okada and co-workers [41] and probed with the anti-PrP monoclonal antibody F99/97.6.1 (VMRD Inc., Pullman,WA, USA, 1∶5000). The immunoreactions were visualized using an automated system Bond immunostainer (Vision BioSystems, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) and a Fast Red/Alkaline phosphatase based reaction product.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectivity in Skeletal Muscle of Cattle with Atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

et al. 2012

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The amyloidotic form of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) termed BASE is caused by a prion strain whose biological properties differ from those of typical BSE, resulting in a clinically and pathologically distinct phenotype. Whether peripheral tissues of BASE-affected cattle contain infectivity is unknown. This is a critical issue since the BASE prion is readily transmissible to a variety of hosts including primates, suggesting that humans may be susceptible. We carried out bioassays in transgenic mice overexpressing bovine PrP (Tgbov XV) and found infectivity in a variety of skeletal muscles from cattle with natural and experimental BASE. Noteworthy, all BASE muscles used for inoculation transmitted disease, although the attack rate differed between experimental and natural cases (∼70% versus ∼10%, respectively). This difference was likely related to different prion titers, possibly due to different stages of disease in the two conditions, i.e. terminal stage in experimental BASE and pre-symptomatic stage in natural BASE. The neuropathological phenotype and PrPres type were consistent in all affected mice and matched those of Tgbov XV mice infected with brain homogenate from natural BASE. The immunohistochemical analysis of skeletal muscles from cattle with natural and experimental BASE showed the presence of abnormal prion protein deposits within muscle fibers. Conversely, Tgbov XV mice challenged with lymphoid tissue and kidney from natural and experimental BASE did not develop disease. The novel information on the neuromuscular tropism of the BASE strain, efficiently overcoming species barriers, underlines the relevance of maintaining an active surveillance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectivity in Skeletal Muscle of Cattle with Atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

et al. 2012

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“…Among other tissues this regards, at least in the EU, the intestine. Several authors have described BSE infectivity and/or PrP Sc accumulations in the ileum [6-11], but data on jejunum and colon are patchy [10-12]. In a study we published two years ago [10] we have detected BSE infectivity in jejunum, ileum and ileocaecal-junction of BSE incubating cattle from 8 to 20 months post infection (mpi) with peak levels at 12 mpi.…”

Section: Introduction Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary studies detecting classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy infectivity in jejunum, ileum and ileocaecal junction in incubating cattle

Fast

Keller

Balkema‐Buschmann

et al. 2013

Vet Res

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Recently we have described the distribution of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) infectivity and/or PrPSc in Peyer’s patches (PP) of the small intestine of orally BSE infected cattle. In this follow-up study additional jejunal and ileal PP’s and ileocaecal-junction tissue samples from 1, 4, and 24 months post infection (mpi) were examined by mouse (Tgbov XV) bioassay. Infectivity was demonstrated in ileal PP’s 4 mpi and the distribution/extent of infectivity at 24 mpi was comparable to those seen at earlier time points, revealing no indication for a decline/clearance. These data are relevant for the definition of Specified Risk Materials in the context of the TSE legislation worldwide.

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“…Several studies have shown that all three BSE agents are efficiently transmitted to these transgenic mice, showing neuropathological and molecular phenotypes that are distinct for each BSE agent (Beringue et al, 2006;Buschmann et al, 2006;Beringue et al, 2007;Capobianco et al, 2007;Okada et al, 2010;Torres et al, 2011). In all cases, all three BSE agents were fully transmitted to these Tg-bov mouse models, although L-BSE showed survival times that were shorter (≈ 200 days) than H-BSE (≈ 250-300 days), but which were higher than those of C-BSE.…”

Section: Choice Of the Mouse Modelmentioning

confidence: 94%

Protocol for further laboratory investigations into the distribution of infectivity of Atypical BSE

2014

EFSA Journal

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Information on the pathogenesis and tissue distribution of Atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle through the study of field cases and experimental transmission studies is lacking. The latter are limited to transmission of Atypical BSE through intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of cattle. All data currently available relate to the presence or absence of PrP Sc , but do not quantify relative amounts of PrP Sc or levels of infectivity. A laboratory protocol for further studies is recommended, to allow the assessment of the relative infectious titre, PrP Sc accumulation and prion seeding activity in the tissues of cattle that developed H-BSE or L-BSE (using posterior brainstem as a reference). Tissues to be covered by those studies are categorised in three priorities, based on their inclusion in the list of specific risk material in cattle, on the presence of infectivity, or PrP Sc presence, demonstrated in Atypical BSEs or other Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) in ruminants, and on the importance in terms of input into the food chain in the EU. The protocol provides details in terms of the minimum number of animals to be tested, processing and preparation of tissues, and methods to be used to identify abnormal PrP and quantify infectivity, also depending on the expected level of infectivity and amount of tissue available for analysis. It is recommended that, through the implementation of the protocol, information should also be obtained on the performance of currently validated rapid tests for TSE active surveillance in cattle/bioassay for detecting H-BSE and L-BSE agents.

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Immunohistochemical Detection of Disease-Associated Prion Protein in the Intestine of Cattle Naturally Affected with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy by Using an Alkaline-Based Chemical Antigen Retrieval Method

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Infectivity in Skeletal Muscle of Cattle with Atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

Infectivity in Skeletal Muscle of Cattle with Atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

Complementary studies detecting classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy infectivity in jejunum, ileum and ileocaecal junction in incubating cattle

Protocol for further laboratory investigations into the distribution of infectivity of Atypical BSE

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