Immunohistochemical Characterisation of Cell-Type Specific Expression of CK1δ in Various Tissues of Young Adult BALB/c Mice

Abstract

BackgroundCasein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) phosphorylates many key proteins playing important roles in such biological processes as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, circadian rhythm and vesicle transport. Furthermore, deregulation of CK1δ has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In this study, the cell specific distribution of CK1δ in various tissues and organs of young adult BALB/c mice was analysed by immunohistochemistry.Methodology/Principal FindingsImmunohistochemical staining of CK1δ was performed using three different antibodies against CK1δ. A high expression of CK1δ was found in a variety of tissues and organ systems and in several cell types of endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal origin.ConclusionsThese results give an overview of the cell-type specific expression of CK1δ in different organs under normal conditions. Thus, they provide evidence for possible cell-type specific functions of CK1δ, where CK1δ can interact with and modulate the activity of key regulator proteins by site directed phosphorylation. Furthermore, they provide the basis for future analyses of CK1δ in these tissues.

Analysis of Cell Type-specific Expression of CK1ε in Various Tissues of Young Adult BALB/c Mice and in Mammary Tumors of SV40 T-Ag-transgenic Mice

“…Immunohistochemical staining using two different CK1ε-specific antibodies confirmed the ubiquitous expression patterns of CK1ε. We observed a distribution pattern for CK1ε similar to that recently described for CK1y (Lohler et al 2009). This may not be surprising in view of the high homology between CK1y and CK1ε.…”

“…CK1ε is highly expressed in endocrine organs, pointing to an involvement in the production, storage, and/or secretion of hormones, as previously described for other CK1 family members (Gross et al 1997;Gross and Anderson 1998;Murakami et al 1999;Behrend et al 2000b;Knippschild et al 2005;Lohler et al 2009). We observed strong cytoplasmic CK1ε positivity in all three parts of the pituitary gland, indicating that CK1ε might be involved in specific functions of the SNARE complex and in neurotransmitter release, like CK1a and -y (Gross et al 1995;Shimazaki et al 1996;Reisinger and Allerberger 1999;Kataoka et al 2000;Pyle et al 2000;Chheda et al 2001;Dubois et al 2002;Snyder et al 2006;Wolff et al 2006;Pozzi et al 2008).…”

Csnk1e Is a Genetic Regulator of Sensitivity to Psychostimulants and Opioids

“…One possibility is that cell type-specific expression of the two isoforms mediates the results. Although the general distribution of expression of Csnk1e and Csnk1d in the brain is similar, specificity of Csnk1e and Csnk1d expression has been observed in cell types such as Purkinje cells and astroglia (Utz et al, 2010;Lohler et al, 2009). Furthermore, a recent study showed that loss of DARPP-32 in D1-expressing cells reduced baseline and cocaine-induced locomotor activity whereas loss of DARPP-32 in D2-expressing cells increased baseline and cocaineinduced locomotor activity (Bateup et al, 2010).…”

Gene expression levels of Casein kinase 1 (CK1) isoforms are correlated to adiponectin levels in adipose tissue of morbid obese patients and site-specific phosphorylation mediated by CK1 influences multimerization of adiponectin

“…Previously carried out analyses of their cell-type specific expression in young adult mice revealed that both isoforms are highly expressed in adipocytes of white and brown adipose tissues (Lohler et al, 2009;Utz et al, 2010). Similarly, CK1δ and ε are expressed in the cytoplasm of adipocytes in human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue (Fig.…”