Immunohistochemical Analysis of P-gp, LC3-II, and Cathepsin-D Associated with Histological Changes in Fish Liver: from the Impacted Environment to Clean Water

Abstract

Herein we evaluated the histopathological alterations and expression patterns of multixenobiotic resistence (MXR) and autophagic proteins in liver samples of fish chronically exposed to anthropogenic contaminants in a highly polluted river, and then again after they had been transferred to good quality water. Two groups were established: euthanized on the day of capture (0 h), and maintained for 30 days in a tank (30 d). The fish of 0 h presented liver with vacuolated and hypertrophic hepatocytes. Also, it was observed strong immunostaining of cathepsin-D, LC3-II and P-gp. Necrosis and apoptosis were also observed throughout the liver. Conversely, the second group (30 d) showed recovery of the liver normal histology and weak immunoreaction of the studied proteins. So, our results indicated that there was a hepatic recovery in the fish kept in good quality water, as showed by the decreased expression of cathepsin-D, LC3-II, and the MXR (P-gp). Therefore, the alterations here observed could be proposed as potential biomarkers to be tested for following the impacts of remediation or mitigation measures to environmental impacts.

Effect of Phenol Derivatives in the Oral Mucosa of University Laboratory Technicians

“…However, these individuals often do not receive the appropriate instructions regarding the importance of the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks, head covers, goggles, and aprons and are therefore exposed to the aspiration and direct contact with these products [1,2]. The substances most frequently used during procedures of tissue fixation and processing are formaldehyde and xylene [1][2][3][4][5].…”