Immunohaematological reference values in human immunodeficiency virus-negative adolescent and adults in rural northern Tanzania

Ngowi, Bernard; Mfinanga, Sayoki; Bruun, Johan N.; Mørkve, Odd

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-9-1

Cited by 126 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

104

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…While the lower platelet counts in African populations are consistent in several African studies [24,25,30,31,40], its etiology is unknown. Possibilities such as dietary, environmental and genetic factors have been proposed [24,30,31]. Nevertheless, the significant difference in the lower limit of the reference interval between African and Caucasian populations warrants consideration when interpreting platelet counts in patients or during clinical trial recruitment in African populations.…”

Section: Laboratory Reference Intervals In Africa 309mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…(MCH) by gender have been observed in several African studies, with adult males having higher values than adult females in East Africa [9,16,20,31,39,40], Southern Africa [20,36], West Africa [41] and Central Africa [42]. These gender differences in RBC parameters as illustrated in our findings (Table 2), are consistent with previously established evidence that males have higher values than females for these parameters and is partly attributed to the influence of the androgen hormone on erythropoiesis [43,44] and to menstrual blood loss in women [16,25,39,42,45].…”

Section: Laboratory Reference Intervals In Africa 309mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The normal values of red cell counts and indices (i.e., hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, red blood cell count), white cell counts and platelet counts are known to vary with age, sex and pregnancy [9,16,20,31,36]. In addition, genetic and environmental factors can also affect the reference intervals in certain populations [32][33][34]37].…”

Section: Variation In Specific Laboratory Parameters a Hematologic Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include lower hemoglobin, red blood cell counts, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, platelets and neutrophils, and higher monocyte and eosinophil levels for African population compared to their Western counterparts [16,[24][25][26] and Africans of European decent [27,28]. Moreover, variations in several indices have been reported between different African ethnic groups [26,[29][30][31]. These differences are postulated to occur due to factors such as genetics, dietary patterns, gender, age, ethnic origin and environmental pathogens which are known to influence hematological and immunologic indices [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Current Status Of Reference Values In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the reference interval for WBC counts is significantly different from that of Caucasian populations, it is advisable to use appropriate ethnic group intervals when interpreting blood counts [31].…”

Section: Laboratory Reference Intervals In Africa 311mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Laboratory Reference Intervals in Africa

Zeh¹,

Odhiambo²,

Mills³

2012

Blood Cell - An Overview of Studies in Hematology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Laboratory Reference Intervals In Africa 309mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Laboratory Reference Intervals In Africa 309mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variation In Specific Laboratory Parameters a Hematologic Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Status Of Reference Values In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laboratory Reference Intervals In Africa 311mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Laboratory Reference Intervals in Africa

Zeh¹,

Odhiambo²,

Mills³

2012

Blood Cell - An Overview of Studies in Hematology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Determination of lymphocyte subsets reference values in healthy Iranian men by a single platform flow cytometric method

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lymphocyte subsets enumeration is of paramount importance in the management of immunodeficiency disorders such as HIV/AIDS. For better interpretation of laboratory findings, reference intervals must be determined in each population. Because of scarcity of published studies from Iranian population, lymphocyte subsets were enumerated in 142 healthy Iranian men by a single platform flow cytometric method. Mean and 95% confidence interval for CD41 T cells, CD81 T cells, CD4/CD8 ratio, B cells, and natural killer cells were 748.8 (351-1207), 409.0 (192-752), 1.96 (0.77-3.70), 238.6 (82-500), and 200.7 (91-393), respectively. We compared our results with other studies and found significant differences with some of them. In conclusion, we endorse determination of lymphocyte subsets reference interval in different populations. ' International Society for Advancement of CytometryKey terms CD4 counts; lymphocyte subsets; flow cytometry; single platform; reference interval; Iran; men T lymphocyte subsets enumeration is of great importance in assessment of both hereditary and acquired immunodeficiency disorders. CD41 T cells enumeration is imperative in monitoring and in the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients (1,2). It is also useful in solid organ transplantation and monitoring of immunosuppressive therapy (3). Enumeration of other lymphocyte subsets, including natural killer (NK) cells and B cells, are also of importance in monitoring the status of immune system, particularly in children (4).Flow cytometry is the most precise, accurate, and popular method for lymphocyte subsets enumeration (1,3,5). Different instruments, reagents, and counting strategies have been utilized in this regard (3-7). The latest methodology proposed by Mandy et al (7) is a CD45-dependent gating strategy that uses four antibodies including CD45, CD3, CD4, and CD8 in one tube. Several other studies have suggested alternative methods for resource-limited settings, which include panleucogating (i.e. utilizing CD45 and CD4 antibodies in one tube), primary CD4 gating (i.e. using only CD4 antibody in one tube), and nonflow cytometric techniques (8-10). It has been shown that CD3-dependent gating without usage of CD45, which we have used in our study, is also an acceptable procedure for CD4 enumeration (4,5).Previous studies have shown different reference ranges in various populations (11-33). These variations partly result from differences in age, sex, ethnicity, and environment of the studied populations (17). Therefore the reference ranges should be determined separately in different populations for better assessment and monitoring of patients. Because of the scarcity of similar studies in Iran (28), we have decided to determine the reference range of lymphocyte subsets by a single platform flow cytometric method in a relatively large number of healthy Iranian men.

show abstract

The HIV care cascade in sub‐Saharan Africa: systematic review of published criteria and definitions

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction:The HIV care cascade examines the attrition of people living with HIV from diagnosis to the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and suppression of viral replication. We reviewed the literature from sub-Saharan Africa to assess the definitions used for the different steps in the HIV care cascade. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and CINAHL for articles published from January 2004 to December 2020. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies were included if they reported on at least one step of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 cascade or two steps of an extended 7-step cascade. A step was clearly defined if authors reported definitions for numerator and denominator, including the description of the eligible population and methods of assessment or measurement. The review protocol has been published and registered in Prospero. Results and discussion: Overall, 3364 articles were screened, and 82 studies from 19 countries met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were from Southern (38 studies, 34 from South Africa) and East Africa (29 studies). Fifty-eight studies (71.6%) were longitudinal, with a median follow-up of three years. The medium number of steps covered out of 7 steps was 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 2 to 4); the median year of publication was 2015 (IQR 2013(IQR to 2019. The number of different definitions for the numerators ranged from four definitions (for step "People living with HIV") to 21 (step "Viral suppression"). For the denominators, it ranged from three definitions ("Diagnosed and aware of HIV status") to 14 ("Viral suppression"). Only 12 studies assessed all three of the 90-90-90 steps. Most studies used longitudinal data, but denominator-denominator or denominator-numerator linkages over several steps were rare. Also, cascade data are lacking for many countries. Our review covers the academic literature but did not consider other data, such as government reports on the HIV care cascade. Also, it did not examine disengagement and reengagement in care. Conclusions: The proportions of patients retained at each step of the HIV care cascade cannot be compared between studies, countries and time periods, nor meta-analysed, due to the many different definitions used for numerators and denominators. There is a need for standardization of methods and definitions.

show abstract

Immunohaematological reference values in human immunodeficiency virus-negative adolescent and adults in rural northern Tanzania

Cited by 126 publications

References 27 publications

Laboratory Reference Intervals in Africa

Laboratory Reference Intervals in Africa

Determination of lymphocyte subsets reference values in healthy Iranian men by a single platform flow cytometric method

The HIV care cascade in sub‐Saharan Africa: systematic review of published criteria and definitions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About