Immunogold-labeled S-phase neoblasts, total neoblast number, their distribution, and evidence for arrested neoblasts in Macrostomum lignano (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora)

Bode, Aiko U.D.; Salvenmoser, Willi; Nimeth, K.; Mahlknecht, Monika; Adamski, Zbigniew; Rieger, Reinhard M.; Peter, Roland; Ladurner, Peter

doi:10.1007/s00441-006-0196-2

Cited by 46 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Immunogold labelling of S-phase neoblasts was performed as described in Bode et al (Bode et al, 2006). Planarians were fixed 3 and 6 days after amputation, and embedded as described in Salvetti et al (Salvetti et al, 2002).…”

Section: Transmission Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

An RbAp48-like gene regulates adult stem cells in planarians

Bonuccelli

Rossi

Lena

et al. 2010

Journal of Cell Science

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SummaryRetinoblastoma-associated proteins 46 and 48 (RbAp46 and RbAp48) are factors that are components of different chromatin-modelling complexes, such as polycomb repressive complex 2, the activity of which is related to epigenetic gene regulation in stem cells. To date, no direct findings are available on the in vivo role of RbAp48 in stem-cell biology. We recently identified DjRbAp48 -a planarian (Dugesia japonica) homologue of human RBAP48 -expression of which is restricted to the neoblasts, the adult stem cells of planarians. In vivo silencing of DjRbAp48 induces lethality and inability to regenerate, even though neoblasts proliferate and accumulate after wounding. Despite a partial reduction in neoblast number, we were always able to detect a significant number of these cells in DjRbAp48 RNAi animals. Parallel to the decrease in neoblasts, a reduction in the number of differentiated cells and the presence of apoptoticlike neoblasts were detectable in RNAi animals. These findings suggest that DjRbAp48 is not involved in neoblast maintenance, but rather in the regulation of differentiation of stem-cell progeny. We discuss our data, taking into account the possibility that DjRbAp48 might control the expression of genes necessary for cell differentiation by influencing chromatin architecture.

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Section: Transmission Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

An RbAp48-like gene regulates adult stem cells in planarians

Bonuccelli

Rossi

Lena

et al. 2010

Journal of Cell Science

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“…Macrostomum lignano has been established as a new model in sexual selection and evolutionary and developmental studies (Egger et al, 2006;Morris et al, 2006), but especially in stem-cell research (Bode et al, 2006;Pfister et al, 2007) and the role of these stem-cells in the process of aging (Mouton et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiological response of the marine platyhelminthMacrostomum lignanoto different environmental oxygen concentrations

Rivera‐Ingraham

Bickmeyer

Abele

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe respiration rate of meiofauna is difficult to measure, and the response to variations in the environmental oxygen concentration has so far been mainly addressed through behavioral investigation. We investigated the effect of different oxygen concentrations on the physiology of the marine platyhelminth Macrostomum lignano. Respiration was measured using batches of 20 animals in a glass microtiter plate equipped with optical oxygen sensor spots. At higher oxygen saturations (>12kPa), the animals showed a clear oxyconforming behavior. However, below this value, the flatworms kept respiration rates constant at 0.064±0.001nmol O 2 l ) -showed increased ROS formation following anoxia-reoxygenation treatment. Animals exposed to hyperoxic, normoxic and anoxic treatments displayed no significant differences in O 2 • -formation, whereas mitochondrial ROS formation as detected by C-H 2 DFFDA was higher after hyperoxic exposure and lowest under near-anoxia conditions compared with the normoxic control group. Macrostomum lignano seems to be a species that is tolerant of a wide range of oxygen concentrations (being able to maintain aerobic metabolism from extremely low P O2 up to hyperoxic conditions), which is an essential prerequisite for successfully dealing with the drastic environmental oxygen variations that occur within intertidal sediments. Supplementary material available online at

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“…1 D and E), in contrast to most vertebrate somatic stem cells, are plentiful, making up about ∼6.5% of all cells (15), and have a very high proliferation rate (16,17). Of M. lignano neoblasts, 89% enter S-phase every 24 h (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efforts of the M. lignano community have resulted in the development of a number of tools that can be used to study M. lignano biology (15,21,(25)(26)(27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome and transcriptome of the regeneration-competent flatworm, Macrostomum lignano

Wasik

Gurtowski

Zhou

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

138

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The free-living flatworm, Macrostomum lignano has an impressive regenerative capacity. Following injury, it can regenerate almost an entirely new organism because of the presence of an abundant somatic stem cell population, the neoblasts. This set of unique properties makes many flatworms attractive organisms for studying the evolution of pathways involved in tissue self-renewal, cellfate specification, and regeneration. The use of these organisms as models, however, is hampered by the lack of a well-assembled and annotated genome sequences, fundamental to modern genetic and molecular studies. Here we report the genomic sequence of M. lignano and an accompanying characterization of its transcriptome. The genome structure of M. lignano is remarkably complex, with ∼75% of its sequence being comprised of simple repeats and transposon sequences. This has made high-quality assembly from Illumina reads alone impossible (N50 = 222 bp). We therefore generated 130× coverage by long sequencing reads from the Pacific Biosciences platform to create a substantially improved assembly with an N50 of 64 Kbp. We complemented the reference genome with an assembled and annotated transcriptome, and used both of these datasets in combination to probe gene-expression patterns during regeneration, examining pathways important to stem cell function.F latworms belong to the superphylum Lophotrochozoa, a vast assembly of protostome invertebrates (1, 2) (Fig. 1A). The evolutionary relationships within this clade are poorly resolved and the specific position of flatworms is currently debated (3, 4). Flatworms have attracted scientific attention for centuries because of their astonishing regenerative capabilities (5, 6), as well as their ability to "degrow" in a controlled way when starved (7). As far back as the early 1900s, Thomas Morgan recognized the potential of flatworms and conducted a number of fascinating regeneration experiments on planarian flatworms before his focus shifted to Drosophila genetics (8).Macrostomum lignano is (Fig. 1B), a free-living, regenerating flatworm isolated from the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. M. lignano is an obligatorily cross-fertilizing simultaneous hermaphrodite (9) that belongs to Macrostomorpha, whereas the other often-studied freeliving flatworms and human parasitic flatworms all belong to clades that are potentially more derived (less ancestral) in comparison with Macrostomorpha (2) (Fig. 1C).Many flatworms can regenerate nearly their entire body or amputated organs. This regenerative capacity is thought to be attributable to the presence of somatic stem cells, termed neoblasts (10, 11). In Schmidtea mediterranea (planarian flatworm), even a single transplanted neoblast has the ability to rescue, regenerate, and change the genotype of a fatally irradiated worm (12). M. lignano can regenerate every tissue, with the exception of the head region containing the brain (13,14).Neoblasts in M. lignano ( Fig. 1 D and E), in contrast to most vertebrate somatic stem cells, are plentiful, making up about ...

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Immunogold-labeled S-phase neoblasts, total neoblast number, their distribution, and evidence for arrested neoblasts in Macrostomum lignano (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora)

Cited by 46 publications

References 52 publications

An RbAp48-like gene regulates adult stem cells in planarians

An RbAp48-like gene regulates adult stem cells in planarians

The physiological response of the marine platyhelminthMacrostomum lignanoto different environmental oxygen concentrations

Genome and transcriptome of the regeneration-competent flatworm, Macrostomum lignano

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